Sequestration of host-CD59 as potential immune evasion strategy of Trichomonas vaginalis

Ibáñez‐Escribano, Alexandra; Nogal-Ruiz, Juan José; Pérez-Serrano, Jorge; Gómez‐Barrio, Alicia; Escario, José Antonio; Alderete, John F.

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.05.003

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Another reason against whole organisms and lysates as vaccines is that we now know that T. vaginalis acquires onto its surface numerous host serum proteins [22,23,[35][36][37][38]. The coating of the parasite surface with host proteins [36,38] may represent yet another mechanism for parasite evasion of immune-antibody responses. Further, the T. vaginalis surface-associated E and G metabolic enzymes are ligands that bind host proteins, such as plasminogen, fibronectin, collagen, and laminin [22,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing Prevention of STIs by Developing Specific Serodiagnostic Targets: Trichomonas vginalis as a Model

Alderete

2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Point-of-Care (POC) serum antibody screening of large cohorts of women and men at risk for the sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by Trichomonas vaginalis requires the availability of targets with high specificity. Such targets should comprise epitopes unique to T. vaginalis immunogenic proteins detected by sera of women and men patients with trichomonosis but not uninfected controls. Three enzymes to which patients make serum IgG antibody were identified as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (A), α-enolase (E), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G). Epitopes within these proteins were identified that had no sequence identity to enzymes of humans and other pathogens. Therefore, I constructed a chimeric recombinant String-Of-Epitopes (SOE) protein consisting of 15-mer peptides, within which are the epitopes of A, E, and G. This novel protein of ~36-kD is comprised of two epitopes of A, ten epitopes of E, and seven epitopes of G (AEG::SOE2). The AEG::SOE2 protein was detected both by immunoblot and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using highly reactive sera of women and men but not negative serum unreactive to T. vaginalis proteins. Finally, AEG::SOE2 was found to be immunogenic, as evidenced by serum IgG from immunized mice. I discuss how this approach is important in relation to infectious disease diagnostic targets for detection of serum IgG antibody in exposed and/or infected individuals and how such novel targets may have potential as subunit vaccine candidates against microbial pathogens.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing Prevention of STIs by Developing Specific Serodiagnostic Targets: Trichomonas vginalis as a Model

Alderete

2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, T. vaginalis do not have the ability to synthesise lipids, they mediate lysis of host erythrocytes (similar to the hameolysis of BV), which is shown to be maximum at normal vaginal pH of 4.5 and use it as a source of fatty acids [139]. Moreover, T. vaginalis also acquire CD59 from erythrocytes; thereby evading itself from host complement mediated killing [140]. This hameolysis is facilitated by the cysteine proteases; another virulent property of T. vaginalis, which also helps in iron acquisition by T. vaginalis [141,142].…”

Section: Important Nutrients As a Regulatory Source Of Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota in vaginal health and pathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal infections: a critical review

Kalia

Singh

Kaur

2020

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

176

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recurrent vulvovaginal infections (RVVI) has not only become an epidemiological and clinical problem but also include large social and psychological consequences. Understanding the mechanisms of both commensalism and pathogenesis are necessary for the development of efficient diagnosis and treatment strategies for these enigmatic vaginal infections. Through this review, an attempt has been made to analyze vaginal microbiota (VMB) from scratch and to provide an update on its current understanding in relation to health and common RVVI i.e. bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiaisis and Trichomoniasis, making the present review first of its kind. For this, potentially relevant studies were retrieved from data sources and critical analysis of the literature was made. Though, culture-independent methods have greatly unfolded the mystery regarding vaginal bacterial microbiome, there are only a few studies regarding the composition and diversity of vaginal mycobiome and different Trichomonas vaginalis strains. This scenario suggests a need of further studies based on comparative genomics of RVVI pathogens to improve our perceptive of RVVI pathogenesis that is still not clear (Fig. 5). Besides this, the review details the rationale for Lactobacilli dominance and changes that occur in healthy VMB throughout a women's life. Moreover, the list of possible agents continues to expand and new species recognised in both health and VVI are updated in this review. The review concludes with the controversies challenging the widely accepted dogma i.e. "VMB dominated with Lactobacilli is healthier than a diverse VMB". These controversies, over the past decade, have complicated the definition of vaginal health and vaginal infections with no definite conclusion. Thus, further studies on newly recognised microbial agents may reveal answers to these controversies. Conversely, VMB of women could be an answer but it is not enough to just look at the microbiology. We have to look at the woman itself, as VMB which is fine for one woman may be troublesome for others. These differences in women's response to the same VMB may be determined by a permutation of behavioural, cultural, genetic and various other anonymous factors, exploration of which may lead to proper definition of vaginal health and disease.

show abstract

“…The pathogen is susceptible to direct complement‐mediated killing, and complement activation provides C3 opsonin that promotes neutrophil‐mediated phagocytosis of T. vaginalis but high iron‐induced cysteine proteases protect the parasite from complement‐related lysis . It has also been reported that T. vaginalis can acquire host CD59 from various cells, such as RBCs, which may be another complement evasion strategy …”

Section: Innate Immunity During T Vaginalis Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 It has also been reported that T. vaginalis can acquire host CD59 from various cells, such as RBCs, which may be another complement evasion strategy. 19 Toll-like receptors are a class of membrane-bound proteins that belong to the pathogen recognition receptors family in innate immunity. 20 TLRs play important functions in identification of the microbial-derived components that are called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).…”

Section: Innate Immunity During T Vaginalis Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral and T cell–mediated immune response against trichomoniasis

Nemati

Malla

Yadav

et al. 2018

Parasite Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) infection leads to the synthesis of specific antibodies in the serum and local secretions. The profile of T. vaginalis-specific antibodies and T cell-mediated immune responses may influence the outcome of infection, towards parasite elimination, persistence or pathological reactions. Studies have indicated that Th1-, Th17- and Th22 cell-related cytokines may be protective or pathogenic, whereas Th2- and Treg cell-related cytokines can exert anti-inflammatory effects during T. vaginalis infection. A number of T. vaginalis-related components such as lipophosphoglycan (TvLPG), α-actinin, migration inhibitory factor (TvMIF), pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFO), legumain-1 (TvLEGU-1), adhesins and cysteine proteases lead to the induction of specific antibodies. T. vaginalis has acquired several strategies to evade the humoral immune responses such as degradation of immunoglobulins by cysteine proteases, antigenic variation and killing of antibody-producing B cells. The characterization of the T. vaginalis-specific antibodies to significant immunogenic molecules and formulation of strategies to promote their induction in vaginal mucosa may reveal their potential protective effects against trichomoniasis. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of antibody and T cell-mediated immune responses to T. vaginalis and highlight novel insights into the possible role of immune responses in protection against parasite.

show abstract

Sequestration of host-CD59 as potential immune evasion strategy of Trichomonas vaginalis

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Advancing Prevention of STIs by Developing Specific Serodiagnostic Targets: Trichomonas vginalis as a Model

Advancing Prevention of STIs by Developing Specific Serodiagnostic Targets: Trichomonas vginalis as a Model

Microbiota in vaginal health and pathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal infections: a critical review

Humoral and T cell–mediated immune response against trichomoniasis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About