Sequestration Pattern of Parasitized Erythrocytes in Cerebrum, Mid-Brain, and Cerebellum of Plasmodium Catneyi-Infected Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta)

A Review of Plasmodium coatneyi–Macaque Models of Severe Malaria

“…2,57 Within the red blood cells, in addition to the malaria hemozoin crystals, the plasmodia were described at various stages of development, ranging from trophozoites to schizonts, with schizonts predominant. 99 Furthermore, infected erythrocytes were noted to be bound to uninfected cells at the point of the electron-dense knobs and, in doing so, formed the described rosette patterns. 110 The descriptions in the literature suggest that the observed endothelial pseudopodia occur with greater frequency within the microvasculature of the cerebellum than in other regions of the brain.…”

“…110 The descriptions in the literature suggest that the observed endothelial pseudopodia occur with greater frequency within the microvasculature of the cerebellum than in other regions of the brain. 99 Cerebral endothelial pseudopodia have only rarely been described in the literature in diseases other than malaria. Chickens fed a diet high in linoleic acid and deficient in vitamin E were reported with similar changes, 125 as were cats with induced endotoxic shock.…”

“…Sequestration patterns in the infected animals have been the mainstay of the proposal that P. coatneyi be used as a model for cerebral malaria in humans. 25,80,99 In P. falciparum infections in humans, the sequestration (adherence to endothelium) of parasitized erythrocytes in the microvasculature of the brain often results in partial or complete occlusion of the vessels, as characterized by significant congestion with increased margination due to cytoadhesion of infected erythrocytes. These microscopic lesions were correlated with hemorrhage and signs of tissue hypoxia and theorized to be a significant contributing factor in the development of the symptomology associated with cerebral malaria-namely, coma and seizure activity.…”

“…79,89,102 Reports based on microscopic examination of human brains with cerebral malaria noted a significantly higher degree of parasitized red blood cell sequestration in the cortical gray matter than in the white matter. 79 As a result of the human data and to build on previous experiments that evaluated the sequestration patterns in the brains of P. coatneyi-infected rhesus macaques, [24][25][26]99 a histopathologic and electron microscopic study was conducted in Thailand to examine the distribution of sequestration within the brains of experimentally infected rhesus macaques.…”

Plasmodium coatneyi: observations on periodicity, mosquito infection, and transmission to Macaca mulatta monkeys.

“…Various investigators have studied P. coatneyi in terms of its morphology, [1][2][3][4][5] physiology, [6][7][8][9][10][11] ultrastructure, 5,12 pathology, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] in vitro culture, [21][22][23][24][25] immunology, [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] sequestration, [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] transmission, [1][2][3]29,[43][44][45][46] chemotherapy, …”