Serial and parallel processes in eye movement control: Current controversies and future directions

Murray, Wayne S.; Fischer, Martin H.; Tatler, Benjamin W.

doi:10.1080/17470218.2012.759979

Cited by 28 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This finding is in line with prior behavioral evidence using masked priming (Marzouki et al, 2013), and experiments showing parafoveal influences on foveal word recognition (Angele et al, 2013; Dare & Shillcock, 2013; Grainger et al, 2014; Vitu, Brysbaert, & Lancelin, 2004). Like the Marzouki et al (2013) study, primes and targets did not temporally overlap in the present study, and the integration mechanisms are therefore likely to differ from the kind of spatial integration that might operate with temporally overlapping stimuli (see Grainger et al, 2014, for a specific proposal).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…For example, it has been shown that orthographic information extracted from the to-be-fixated parafoveal word influences on-going processing of the currently fixated word (Angele, Tran, & Rayner, 2013; Dare & Shillcock, 2013; Dimigen, Kliegl, & Sommer, 2012). In order to account for these and related findings, it has been proposed that there is some form of spatial integration of orthographic information that is extracted in parallel from several words (Angele et al, 2013; Grainger, Mathôt, & Vitu, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Trans-saccadic repetition priming: ERPs reveal on-line integration of information across words

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We used a trans-saccadic priming paradigm combined with ERP recordings to track the time-course of integration of information across a prime word briefly presented at fixation and a subsequent target word presented 4 degrees to the right of fixation. Trans-saccadic repetition priming effects (Experiments 1 & 2) were compared with priming effects obtained with centrally located targets (Experiment 3). In Experiment 2, target stimuli were preceded by a 100 ms forward mask at the target location, hence allowing an attention shift to the target location prior to target onset. Compared with centrally located targets, repetition priming effects were found to onset later in Experiment 2 and even later in Experiment 1, and the growth of priming effects was slower in both Experiments 1 and 2 compared with Experiment 3. The results demonstrate integration of information across spatially distinct primes and targets, with the time-course of trans-saccadic priming being determined by the speed with which attention can be allocated to peripheral targets plus the quality of information available in peripheral vision prior to fixation of target stimuli.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans-saccadic repetition priming: ERPs reveal on-line integration of information across words

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At the same time, in light of this scenario we may predict that higher-order parafoveal-on-foveal integration might take place in a setting where readers do not set out to read sentences, that is, a setting where readers do not create sentence-level representations. One example of such a setting would be a flanker paradigm similar to that used in the studies of Dare and Shillcock [9], Grainger et al [10] and Snell et al [13], but now using syntactically related flankers rather than orthographically related flankers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for simultaneous syntactic processing of multiple words during reading

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A hotly debated issue in reading research concerns the extent to which readers process parafoveal words, and how parafoveal information might influence foveal word recognition. We investigated syntactic word processing both in sentence reading and in reading isolated foveal words when these were flanked by parafoveal words. In Experiment 1 we found a syntactic parafoveal preview benefit in sentence reading, meaning that fixation durations on target words were decreased when there was a syntactically congruent preview word at the target location (n) during the fixation on the pre-target (n-1). In Experiment 2 we used a flanker paradigm in which participants had to classify foveal target words as either noun or verb, when those targets were flanked by syntactically congruent or incongruent words (stimulus on-time 170 ms). Lower response times and error rates in the congruent condition suggested that higher-order (syntactic) information can be integrated across foveal and parafoveal words. Although higher-order parafoveal-on-foveal effects have been elusive in sentence reading, results from our flanker paradigm show that the reading system can extract higher-order information from multiple words in a single glance. We propose a model of reading to account for the present findings.

show abstract

“…Currently, the controversy surrounding this issue is far from 16 being resolved (for recent reviews of this debate see Murray, Fischer, & Tatler, 2013; Radach & 17 Kennedy, 2013;Schotter et al, 2012). While the present investigation was informed in part by 18 the serial versus parallel lexical processing literature, the main goal of the present study was to 19 develop and explore a novel approach for the study of selective attention and eye-movement 20 control in reading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention and eye-movement control in reading: The selective reading paradigm.

Reingold

Sheridan

Meadmore

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1We introduced a novel paradigm for investigating covert attention and eye-movement control in 2 reading. In 2 experiments, participants read sentence words (shown in blue color) while ignoring 3 interleaved distractor strings (shown in orange color). Each single-line text display contained a 4 target word and a critical distractor. Critical distractors were located just prior to the target in the 5 text and were either words or symbol strings (e.g., @#%&). Target word availability for 6 parafoveal processing (i.e., preview validity) was also manipulated. The results indicated much 7 shallower processing of distractors than targets and this pattern was more pronounced for symbol 8 than word distractors. The influences of word frequency and fixation location on first-pass 9 fixation durations on distractors were dramatically different than the well-documented pattern 10 obtained in normal reading. Robust preview benefits were demonstrated both when the critical 11 distractors were fixated and when the critical distractors were skipped. Finally, with the 12 exception of larger preview benefits that were obtained in the condition in which the target and 13 critical distractor were identical, the magnitude of the preview effect was largely unaffected by 14 the nature of the critical distractor. Implications of the present paradigm and findings to the study 15 of eye-movement control in reading are discussed. 16 3 The use of eye movements to study reading has a rich history dating back over a century 1 (see Rayner, 1998Rayner, , 2009, for reviews). Readers move their eyes primarily forward in the text to 2 encounter new words. The magnitude of the typical forward movement (saccade) for readers of 3English is about 7-9 letter spaces. High-velocity saccadic eye movements, during which vision is 4 largely suppressed (Matin, 1974), occur at an average rate of 3-4 per second and are separated by 5 periods during which the eyes remain relatively still (fixations), and perceptual information is 6 extracted. Saccades are required in order to align the high-acuity foveal region of the retina (the 7 central 2° of vision) with the part of the text that is being encoded by the reader. However, 8 during each fixation, while the fixated word (word N) is primarily encoded using foveal vision, 9 parafoveal vision is used to extract perceptual information from at least the next two words in the 10 text (word N+1 and word N+2). Specifically, for readers of English the encoding of useful 11 perceptual information is confined to the perceptual span, an asymmetric region of the text 12 around the fixation point, which is limited to about 3-4 letter spaces to the left and 14-15 letter 13 spaces to the right of fixation (McConkie & Rayner, 1975). Importantly, when the area of useful 14 orthographic information during a fixation is restricted to word N, word N+1 and word N+2, 15 reading rate is approximately normal, while reading rate decreases by about 10% when only 16Word N and Word N+1 information is available and by over 30% wh...

show abstract

Serial and parallel processes in eye movement control: Current controversies and future directions

Cited by 28 publications

References 54 publications

Trans-saccadic repetition priming: ERPs reveal on-line integration of information across words

Trans-saccadic repetition priming: ERPs reveal on-line integration of information across words

Evidence for simultaneous syntactic processing of multiple words during reading

Attention and eye-movement control in reading: The selective reading paradigm.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About