Serial Consolidation of Orientation Information Into Visual Short-Term Memory

Liu, Taosheng; Becker, Mark W.

doi:10.1177/0956797612464381

Cited by 41 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…3 While we assume that items are presented sequentially rather than simultaneously, most WM paradigms use sequential procedures, and where visual items are presented simultaneously, it has been argued that observers encode them one after the other (Liu & Becker, 2013;Vogel, Woodman, & Luck, 2006; but see Mance, Becker, & Liu, 2012). interference is additive, the model covers multiplicative interference as well. 4 It should be noted that our model might not be applicable to phenomena of verbal working memory such as time-based capacity limitations (e.g., Schweickert & Boruff, 1986).…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interference and memory capacity limitations.

Endress

Szabó

2017

Psychological Review

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. However, the origins of these capacity limitations are debated, and generally attributed to active, attentional processes. Here, we show that the existence of interference among items in memory mathematically guarantees fixed and limited capacity limits under very general conditions, irrespective of any processing assumptions. Assuming that interference (i) increases with the number of interfering items and (ii) brings memory performance to chance levels for large numbers of interfering items, capacity limits are a simple function of the relative influence of memorization and interference. In contrast, we show that time-based memory limitations do not lead to fixed memory capacity limitations that are independent of the timing properties of an experiment. We show that interference can mimic both slot-like and continuous resource-like memory limitations, suggesting that these types of memory performance might not be as different as commonly believed. We speculate that slot-like WM limitations might arise from crowding-like phenomena in memory when participants have to retrieve items. Further, based on earlier research on parallel attention and enumeration, we suggest that crowding-like phenomena might be a common reason for the three major cognitive capacity limitations. As suggested by Miller (1956) and Cowan (2001), these capacity limitations might thus arise due to a common reason, even though they likely rely on distinct processes. Permanent repository link:

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Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interference and memory capacity limitations.

Endress

Szabó

2017

Psychological Review

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“…However, in the orientation experiments, we found better performance in the sequential than the simultaneous condition (Becker et al, 2013), suggesting a serial (or limited-capacity parallel) process. Furthermore, using a continuous measure of memory precision, we were able to demonstrate that consolidation of orientation information is strictly serial (Liu & Becker, 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…We recently employed a sequential/simultaneous paradigm to investigate the bandwidth limit of consolidation (Becker, Miller, & Liu, 2013; Liu & Becker, 2013; Mance, Becker, & Liu, 2012). This method allows an investigation of consolidation while holding the memory load, decision noise, and interference constant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, before accepting the notion that color and orientation have different consolidation bandwidths, it is necessary to exclude procedural differences that might have contributed to our initial observations. Specifically, most of our orientation experiments (Becker et al, 2013; Liu & Becker, 2013) required the orientations to be bound to a specific spatial location, while our color experiments did not require this binding (Mance et al, 2012). It is possible that this methodological difference accounts for the observed bandwidth difference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To investigate this possibility, Experiment 1 investigated the consolidation of colors using a method that required the colors to be bound to a specific spatial location, thereby replicating our orientation methods. In Experiment 2, we measured memory precision and used a mixture model (Liu & Becker, 2013; Zhang & Luck, 2008) to provide converging evidence regarding the nature of the consolidation process for color. Finally, in Experiment 3, we paired a color stimulus with an orientation stimulus in the sequential-simultaneous paradigm to further probe the dependence of VSTM consolidation on visual features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The bandwidth of consolidation into visual short-term memory depends on the visual feature

2014

Self Cite

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We investigated the nature of the bandwidth limit in the consolidation of visual information into visual short-term memory. In the first two experiments, we examined whether previous results showing differential consolidation bandwidth for color and orientation resulted from methodological differences by testing the consolidation of color information with methods used in prior orientation experiments. We briefly presented two color patches with masks, either sequentially or simultaneously, followed by a location cue indicating the target. Participants identified the target color via button-press (Experiment 1) or by clicking a location on a color wheel (Experiment 2). Although these methods have previously demonstrated that two orientations are consolidated in a strictly serial fashion, here we found equivalent performance in the sequential and simultaneous conditions, suggesting that two colors can be consolidated in parallel. To investigate whether this difference resulted from different consolidation mechanisms or a common mechanism with different features consuming different amounts of bandwidth, Experiment 3 presented a color patch and an oriented grating either sequentially or simultaneously. We found a lower performance in the simultaneous than the sequential condition, with orientation showing a larger impairment than color. These results suggest that consolidation of both features share common mechanisms. However, it seems that color requires less information to be encoded than orientation. As a result two colors can be consolidated in parallel without exceeding the bandwidth limit, whereas two orientations or an orientation and a color exceed the bandwidth and appear to be consolidated serially.

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Three-year-olds obey the sample size principle of induction: The influence of evidence presentation and sample size disparity on young children’s generalizations

Lawson¹

2014

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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Serial Consolidation of Orientation Information Into Visual Short-Term Memory

Cited by 41 publications

References 24 publications

Interference and memory capacity limitations.

Interference and memory capacity limitations.

The bandwidth of consolidation into visual short-term memory depends on the visual feature

Three-year-olds obey the sample size principle of induction: The influence of evidence presentation and sample size disparity on young children’s generalizations

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