Serial position effects in short-term visual memory: A SIMPLE explanation?

Hay, Dennis C.; Smyth, Mary M.; Hitch, Graham J.; Horton, Neil

doi:10.3758/bf03195953

Cited by 32 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The fact that we observed precuneus activity to be greatest during the beginning of each block may suggest that this structure is engaged in attributing greater salience to these initial visually presented stimuli compared to those stimuli presented later. Behaviorally, this may correspond to greater retention of the "onset" presented stimuli (primacy effect) relative to those presented later (Hay, Smyth, Hitch, & Horton, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of temporally distinct responses to emotional facial expressions

Haas

Constable

Canli

2009

Social Neuroscience

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Understanding the temporal dynamics of brain function contributes to models of learning and memory as well as the processing of emotions and habituation. In this article, we present a novel analysis technique to investigate spatiotemporal patterns of activation in response to blocked presentations of emotional stimuli. We modeled three temporal response functions (TRFs), which were maximally sensitive to the onset, early or sustained temporal component of a given block type. This analysis technique was applied to a data set of 29 subjects who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while responding to fearful, happy, and sad facial expressions. We identified brain regions that uniquely fit each of the three TRFs for each emotional condition and compared the results to the standard approach, which was based on the canonical hemodynamic response function. We found that voxels within the precuneus fit the onset TRF but did not fit the early or the sustained TRF in all the emotional conditions. On the other hand, voxels within the amygdala fit the sustained TRF, but not the onset or early TRF, during presentation of fearful stimuli, suggesting a spatiotemporal dissociation between these structures. This technique provides researchers with an additional tool in order to investigate the temporal dynamics of neural circuits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of temporally distinct responses to emotional facial expressions

Haas

Constable

Canli

2009

Social Neuroscience

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“…Hay et al (2007) used yes/no recognition to test the predictions of the Scale-Invariant, Memory, Perception, and Learning (SIMPLE) model (Brown, Neath & Chater, 2007). One component of this model focusses upon the 'psychological distinctiveness' of the stimuli within a sequence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the current experiment participants were required to make single yes/no recognition judgements following the presentation of 3-wine sequences: a paradigm that typically produces a serial position function with single-item recency only (Hay, Smyth, Hitch & Horton, 2007). For the current study the RI and ISI are equivalent (at 5s) and for single yes/no recognition, RIs of this duration are associated with a reduction in recency (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate recognition memory for wine

Johnson

Volp

Miles

2013

Journal of Cognitive Psychology

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Word count: 3994 (excluding references but including the acknowledgement section) AcknowledgementsThe authors wish to thank Dr. John Williams for his advice regarding the selection of wines, and both Prof. Geoff Ward and an anonymous reviewer for their comments on the manuscript. AbstractWe describe a preliminary investigation concerning the short-term recognition memory function for gustatory stimuli (wines). In Experiment 1a, 24 non-expert wine drinkers completed a yes/no recognition task for 3-wine sequences. For the raw recognition scores, the serial position function comprised both primacy and recency. Recency did not, however, achieve significance for the d′ scores. In Experiment 1b, 24 participants completed the same yes/no recognition task for 3-visual matrix sequences. In contrast to Experiment 1a, the serial position function comprised recency and an absence of primacy. We argue that the presence of primacy for the wine sequences cannot be interpreted via a verbal labelling strategy, nor can it be interpreted via proactive interference from the first wine in the list on subsequent list items. The result suggests qualitative differences in the memory processing for gustatory and non-verbal visual stimuli.

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“…Broadly speaking, there have already been several studies of serial visual memory (Hay, Smyth, Hitch, & Horton, 2007;Johnson & Miles, 2009;Phillips & Christie, 1977;Smyth, Hay, Hitch, & Horton, 2005;Smyth & Scholey, 1996). These studies have revealed hints of primacy and recency effects when entire spatial sequences are reproduced from visual memory (Hay et al, 2007;Smyth et al, 2005;Smyth & Scholey, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies have revealed hints of primacy and recency effects when entire spatial sequences are reproduced from visual memory (Hay et al, 2007;Smyth et al, 2005;Smyth & Scholey, 1996). However, it remains unclear whether these effects are intrinsic to the way in which items are stored in VSTM or whether they only arise during the retrieval of full sequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sequential Dynamics of Visual Short-Term Memory

Kool¹,

Conway²,

Turk‐Browne³

2011

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Visual short-term memory (VSTM) is thought to help bridge across changes in visual input, and yet many studies of VSTM employ static displays. Here we investigate how VSTM copes with sequential input. In particular, we characterize the temporal dynamics of several different components of VSTM performance, including: storage probability, precision, variability in precision, guessing, and swapping. We used a variant of the continuous-report VSTM task developed for static displays, quantifying the contribution of each component with statistical likelihood estimation, as a function of serial position and set size. In Experiments 1 and 2, storage probability did not vary by serial position for small set sizes, but showed a small primacy effect and a robust recency effect for larger set sizes; precision did not vary by serial position or set size. In Experiment 3, the recency effect was shown to reflect an increased likelihood of swapping out items from earlier serial positions and swapping in later items, rather than an increased rate of guessing for earlier items. Indeed, a model that incorporated responding to non-targets provided a better fit to these data than alternative models that did not allow for swapping or that tried to account for variable precision. These findings suggest that VSTM is updated in a first-in-first-out manner, and they bring VSTM research into closer alignment with classical working memory research that focuses on sequential behavior and interference effects.

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Serial position effects in short-term visual memory: A SIMPLE explanation?

Cited by 32 publications

References 40 publications

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of temporally distinct responses to emotional facial expressions

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of temporally distinct responses to emotional facial expressions

Immediate recognition memory for wine

The Sequential Dynamics of Visual Short-Term Memory

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