Serially DF relayed hybrid FSO/MMW links with Weibull fading, M-turbulence and pointing errors

Roumelas, George D.; Nistazakis, Hector E.; Leitgeb, Erich; Ivanov, Hristo; Volos, Christos; Tombras, George S.

doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.164531

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This proposed model can be a valuable solution for the existing backhaul systems to have a reliable communication system. Roumelas et al [158], study hybrid FSO/MMW subsystems using BPSK modulation and employing a selection combining scheme, which is serially connected to each other using DF relays. They study and investigate spatial jitter and fading characteristics simultaneously in improving performance in terms of outage probability and BER, and boosting the link distance using a relaying scheme.…”

Section: Sendermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Hybrid Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Networks to Achieve 5G Connectivity for Backhauling

Aboelala

Lee

Chung

2022

Entropy

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Increased capacity, higher data rate, decreased latency, and better service quality are examples of the primary objectives or needs that must be catered to in the near future, i.e., fifth-generation (5G) and beyond. To fulfil these needs, cellular network design must be drastically improved. The 5G cellular network design, huge multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, and device-to-device communication are all highlighted in this comprehensive study. Hence, free-space optics (FSO) is a promising solution to address this field. However, FSO standalone is insufficient during turbulent weather conditions. FSO systems possess some limitations, such as being able to be disturbed by any interference between sender and receiver such as a flying bird and a tree, as it requires line-of-sight (LOS) connectivity. Moreover, it is sensitive to weather conditions; the FSO performance significantly decreases in bad weather conditions such as fog and snow; those factors deteriorate the performance of FSO. This paper conducts a systematic survey on the existing projects in the same area of research such as the hybrid FSO/Radio frequency (RF) communication system by listing each technique used for each model to achieve optimum performance in terms of data rate and Bit Error Rate (BER) to be implemented in 5G networks.

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Section: Sendermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Hybrid Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Networks to Achieve 5G Connectivity for Backhauling

Aboelala

Lee

Chung

2022

Entropy

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“…The variations of the refraction index make a deflection of the optical beam and fluctuation of the power at the receiver. The variations in the refractive index of the medium (

C_{n}^{2} ((), a)

) can be described by 27–29 the following:

C_{n}^{2} ((), a) = 0.00594 {(\frac{w_{normals}}{27})}^{2} {(10^{- 5} a)}^{10} \exp ((), \frac{- a}{1,000}) + 2.7 \times 10^{- 16} \exp ((), \frac{- a}{1,500}) + 1.7 \times 10^{- 14} \exp ((), \frac{- a}{100}),

where w s is the root mean square wind speed and equals to 21 m/s, and a is the altitude in m. The turbulence losses ( L sci ) on the radiated beam is described by 30 the following:

L_{sci} = 2 \sqrt{23.17 {(K \times 10^{9})}^{\frac{7}{6}} C_{n}^{2} ((), a) L^{\frac{11}{6}},}

where L represents the path length, and the wave number K equals to 2 π / λ .…”

Section: Model Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fog and scintillation on performance of vertical free‐space optical link from Earth to low Earth orbit satellite

Ashraf

Zaghloul

Shaalan

et al. 2020

Satell Commun Network

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Summary This paper studies the effects of fog and scintillation attenuations on the performance of the vertical free‐space optical (FSO) link from the Earth to low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite. FSO link performance was investigated under different foggy conditions and turbulence by calculating the power received, achieved data rate, and link margin. Different parameters were studied such as the wavelength, the transmitted power, the divergence angle, and the diameter of receiving optical antenna. The results show that the FSO performance can be improved using 1,550‐nm wavelength, increasing the transmitted power to a range of 5 mW and reducing the divergence angle to a range of 1 μrad.

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“…The FSO link is influenced by the cumulative effects of atmospheric turbulence, beam wander and pointing errors. In reference [6], a cooperative DF relaying hybrid FSO-RF model with selection combining has been discussed wherein FSO link has been modelled with combined effect of M-turbulence, Weibull-fading as well as pointing error with RF link utilising millimeter wave. The closed form expressions of fading channels and ergodic attainable capacity have been derived for a DF-based hybrid FSO/RF system that includes a single-input-single-output (SISO) FSO link from the relay node (R) to the destination (D) and a single-input-multipleoutput (SIMO) RF link from the source (S) to the relay node (R) [7][8].Various techniques have been proposed in earlier works [10][11][12], which give guaranteed reliability in hybrid FSO-RF systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time hysteresis-switching algorithm assisted dual-hop relaying for hybrid FSO/RF system

Singh

Tiwari

2022

Preprint

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A less-complex and efficient time-hysteresis (TH)-switching algorithm assisted hybrid free-space optics (FSO)/millimeter wave (mm)-radio frequency (RF) system is presented in the paper. For improving the long-haul communication efficiency we blend a decode-and-forward (DF) relaying scheme in the proposed hybrid FSO/RF system along with maximal-ratio-combining (MRC) at receiver end for signal reconstruction.TH-switching is utilized for link transient between FSO and RF links. The exact closed-form expressions for average symbol-error-rate (ASER) and outage-probability (OP) have been derived for the performance evaluation of the system. We also present asymptotic-analysis of the ASER and OP with lower computational-complexity of the proposed system and obtain the diversity-order. To achieve target-SER value for the proposed TH-switching, the optimum-threshold-SNR value has been obtained numerically. It is observed that the proposed switching technique assisted selective-DF-relaying scheme based hybrid system along with MRC outperforms a cooperative single-FSO system as well as single-hop (SH) switching-assisted hybrid system on account of diversity as well as switching technique benefits. The proposed hybrid system achieves SER of 10− 7 in the lower SNR regimes.

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Serially DF relayed hybrid FSO/MMW links with Weibull fading, M-turbulence and pointing errors

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

A Survey of Hybrid Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Networks to Achieve 5G Connectivity for Backhauling

A Survey of Hybrid Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Networks to Achieve 5G Connectivity for Backhauling

Effect of fog and scintillation on performance of vertical free‐space optical link from Earth to low Earth orbit satellite

Time hysteresis-switching algorithm assisted dual-hop relaying for hybrid FSO/RF system

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