Serine peptidases: Classification, structure and function

Page, Michael; Di, Enrico

doi:10.1007/s00018-008-7565-9

Cited by 377 publications

(350 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Monovalent cation coordination plays an influential role in many enzyme-catalysed reactions (Di Cera, 2006;Page & Di Cera, 2006). Due to limited electrostatic properties, Na + and K + are optimal reagents for stabilization of the active conformational state of an enzyme or for facilitating electrostatic interactions between enzyme and substrate (Page & Di Cera, 2008).…”

Section: Effect Of Peptidase Inhibitors and Reducing Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of protease activities in a crude extract of germinated cacao

Sánchez-Mundo

Bautista-Muñoz

Jaramillo-Flores

2015

CyTA - Journal of Food

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Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was applied to the analysis of the hydrodynamic diameter distribution of proteins in extract of germinated cacao. The interactions among divalent cations and their relation with the activity of Xaa-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase 2 (Xaa-Pro-DAP2) enzyme were evaluated. The peptidases were isolated by 80% saturation of ammonium sulfate from acetone extract of germinated cacao seeds. The results showed a higher activity of Xaa-Pro-DAP2, besides aminopeptidase (APE) and carboxypeptidase (CP) enzymes. Using DLS analysis the size distribution was found to be multi-modal; however with Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ at 1 mM, the size distribution was found to be monomodal with a hydrodynamic diameter of 158.5 and 119 nm, respectively. The distribution remained constant from 60 to 80°C, suggesting that thermal stability is related to increase in Xaa-Pro-DAP2 activity an lower protein aggregation. APE activity was slightly activated by Co 2+ at 1 mM, whereas no significant effect was observed on CP activity.Keywords: cacao; crude extract; proteases; dynamic light scattering La dispersión dinámica de luz (DLS) fue aplicada para el análisis de la distribución de diámetros hidrodinámicos de proteínas en un extracto germinado de cacao. Se evaluaron las interacciones con cationes divalentes y su relación con la actividad de la enzima Xaa-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidasa 2 (Xaa-Pro-DAP2). Las peptidasas fueron aisladas de los extractos cetónicos de semillas de cacao germinadas, por precipitación con sulfato de amonio al 80% de saturación. Los resultados mostraron una alta actividad de Xaa-Pro-DAP2, además de las enzimas de aminopeptidasa (APE) y carboxipeptidasa (CP). De acuerdo con el análisis DLS, la distribución de tamaños es multi-modal con diámetros hidrodinámicos de 158.5 y 119 nm, respectivamente. La distribución permaneció constante desde 60°C hasta 80°C, sugiriendo estabilidad térmica relacionada con el incremento de la actividad de Xaa-Pro-DAP2 y la baja agregación de proteínas. La actividad de APE fue ligeramente activada por Co 2+ a 1 mM, mientras que no se observó efecto importante sobre la actividad de CP.Palabras clave: cacao; extracto crudo; proteasas; dispersión dinámica de luz

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Section: Effect Of Peptidase Inhibitors and Reducing Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of protease activities in a crude extract of germinated cacao

Sánchez-Mundo

Bautista-Muñoz

Jaramillo-Flores

2015

CyTA - Journal of Food

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“…Proteases are common throughout tissues where they cleave polypeptides into fragments at specified sites (Page and Di Cera 2008) and represent the basis of natural protein degradation pathways (Goldberg 2003). Crystallins undergo a number of C-and N-terminal truncations which can have a major effect on their stability and solubility (Hains and Truscott 2007;Morris et al 2008;Treweek et al 2010).…”

Section: Truncationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biophysical chemistry of the ageing eye lens

Ray

2015

Biophys Rev

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This review examines both recent and historical literature related to the biophysical chemistry of the proteins in the ageing eye, with a particular focus on cataract development. The lens is a vital component of the eye, acting as an optical focusing device to form clear images on the retina. The lens maintains the necessary high transparency and refractive index by expressing crystallin proteins in high concentration and eliminating all large cellular structures that may cause light scattering. This has the consequence of eliminating lens fibre cell metabolism and results in mature lens fibre cells having no mechanism for protein expression and a complete absence of protein recycling or turnover. As a result, the crystallins are some of the oldest proteins in the human body. Lack of protein repair or recycling means the lens tends to accumulate damage with age in the form of protein posttranslational modifications. The crystallins can be subject to a wide range of age-related changes, including isomerisation, deamidation and racemisation. Many of these modification are highly correlated with cataract formation and represent a biochemical mechanism for age-related blindness.

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“…The active configuration is produced via the combination of enzyme and cofactor, which usually includes an active site that the substrate can interact with [31]. Many enzymes are selective for just one substrate, and their activity is inhibited if the active site is blocked or the shape of the substrate is changed [32,33]. The change in structure of SIRT6 V2 due to the deleted 124-bp sequence ( Figure 5) might thus alter the interactions between substrate and enzyme, which are involved in the series of reactions associated with cell proliferation.…”

Section: Prediction Of Sirt6 V1 and V2 Protein Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of the promotion of porcine fetal fibroblast proliferation by overexpression of two transcriptional variants of SIRT6

Xie

Zhang

et al. 2013

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Mammalian Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) plays an important role in the transcriptional silencing of silent mating-type loci, telomeres, and rDNA. However, the roles of porcine SIRT6 in cell proliferation are poorly understood, and a better knowledge of these will help improve our understanding of the biological mechanisms of cell growth and development. In this study, a novel variant of porcine SIRT6 (SIRT6 V2) identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and BLAST analysis showed a 124-bp deletion compared to wild-type SIRT6 mRNA (SIRT6 V1). Two recombinant plasmids overexpressing SIRT6 V1 and SIRT6 V2 were produced and their roles in the proliferation of porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs) were compared. Cells transfected with SIRT6 V1 proliferated significantly faster than those transfected with SIRT6 V2 (P<0.01), though both proliferated significantly faster than cells expressing an empty vector (P<0.01). These results might be caused by altered proportions of α helices and β sheets in the SIRT6 V2 structure relative to SIRT6 V1. These results indicate that overexpression of SIRT6 V1/V2 was involved in promoting PFF proliferation. Deletion of a 124-bp sequence attenuated the effects of SIRT6 on cell proliferation, possibly as a result of changes in the proportions of α helices and β sheets in the protein secondary structure. Yeast silent information regulator 2 (SIR2) possesses NAD + -dependent deacetylase and ADP-ribosyltransferase activities, and plays essential roles in transcriptional silencing of silent mating-type loci, telomeres, and rDNA. It also represses recombination, chromosomal instability, and ageing [1][2][3]. SIRT6 is a distant member of the seven SIR2-derived homologs. It is expressed predominantly in nuclei and is highly correlated with heterochromatic regions. As a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase, SIRT6 uses NAD + as a cosubstrate to transfer the 32 P-label from NAD + to mSIRT6 and histones [4-6]. SIRT6 harbors low-level deacetylase activity for NAD + -dependent deacetylation of non-histone proteins [7] and linking site-specific histones [8][9][10][11].SIRT6 is present in all eukaryotes including mammals [12], and deacetylates histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and histone H3 lysine K56 (H3K56) to maintain dynamic changes in their acetylation levels at the telomeres over cell cycles. Histone deacetylation modifies the telomeric chromatin by preventing chromosomal fusion at the end of telomeres, and negatively regulates ageing-correlated gene-expression programs depending on nuclear factor-B [8,9,13]. SIRT6 de-

show abstract

Serine peptidases: Classification, structure and function

Cited by 377 publications

References 147 publications

Characterization of protease activities in a crude extract of germinated cacao

Characterization of protease activities in a crude extract of germinated cacao

Biophysical chemistry of the ageing eye lens

Comparative study of the promotion of porcine fetal fibroblast proliferation by overexpression of two transcriptional variants of SIRT6

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