Serious adverse effects of cannabidiol (CBD): a review of randomized controlled trials

Santos, Rafael G. dos; Guimarães, Francisco Silveira; Crippa, José Alexandre de Souza; Hallak, Jaime Eduardo Cecílio; Rossi, Giordano Novak; Rocha, Juliana Mendes; Zuardi, Antônio Waldo

doi:10.1080/17425255.2020.1754793

Cited by 57 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In addition, careful examination of whether the influence of CBD on the immune system could exacerbate viral infection is required (reviews [64,65]). Indeed, viral, fungal infections and pneumonia infections are listed among the side effects of CBD [166][167][168][169].…”

Section: Opportunities Challenges and Pitfalls Of Cannabidiol Use Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the authors of the latter two reviews postulated the need to conduct additional clinical trials. Indeed, various side effects of CBD have recently been described [166][167][168][169]. In addition to the increased risk of infection mentioned above, the increased tendency for respiratory depression and aspiration to occur, that is, symptoms also occurring in COVID-19, should be considered.…”

Section: Opportunities Challenges and Pitfalls Of Cannabidiol Use Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opportunities, Challenges and Pitfalls of Using Cannabidiol as an Adjuvant Drug in COVID-19

Malinowska

Baranowska-Kuczko

Kicman

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may lead to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which, in turn, may be associated with multiple organ dysfunction. In this review, we present advantages and disadvantages of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating phytocannabinoid from the cannabis plant, as a potential agent for the treatment of COVID-19. CBD has been shown to downregulate proteins responsible for viral entry and to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication. Preclinical studies have demonstrated its effectiveness against diseases of the respiratory system as well as its cardioprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anti-convulsant properties, that is, effects that may be beneficial for COVID-19. Only the latter two properties have been demonstrated in clinical studies, which also revealed anxiolytic and antinociceptive effects of CBD (given alone or together with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol), which may be important for an adjuvant treatment to improve the quality of life in patients with COVID-19 and to limit post-traumatic stress symptoms. However, one should be aware of side effects of CBD (which are rarely serious), drug interactions (also extending to drugs acting against COVID-19) and the proper route of its administration (vaping may be dangerous). Clearly, further clinical studies are necessary to prove the suitability of CBD for the treatment of COVID-19.

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Section: Opportunities Challenges and Pitfalls Of Cannabidiol Use Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Opportunities Challenges and Pitfalls Of Cannabidiol Use Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities, Challenges and Pitfalls of Using Cannabidiol as an Adjuvant Drug in COVID-19

Malinowska

Baranowska-Kuczko

Kicman

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Meta-analyses relating to the legitimacy of medical Cannabis, specifically the use of CBD and THC in control randomised trials, have been conducted. Studies surrounding the use of CBD indicate that the drug is well tolerated with minimal serious adverse side effects and drug-drug interactions [249]. CBD is described as effective in the treatment of refractory seizures, but scientifically stringent data are lacking to claim effectiveness for other indications, with concerns remaining about the quality control in drug preparation and long-term safety [250].…”

Section: Examples Of the Potential Medicinal Use Of Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis sativa: Interdisciplinary Strategies and Avenues for Medical and Commercial Progression Outside of CBD and THC

Oultram

Pegler

Bowser³

et al. 2021

Biomedicines

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Cannabis sativa (Cannabis) is one of the world’s most well-known, yet maligned plant species. However, significant recent research is starting to unveil the potential of Cannabis to produce secondary compounds that may offer a suite of medical benefits, elevating this unique plant species from its illicit narcotic status into a genuine biopharmaceutical. This review summarises the lengthy history of Cannabis and details the molecular pathways that underpin the production of key secondary metabolites that may confer medical efficacy. We also provide an up-to-date summary of the molecular targets and potential of the relatively unknown minor compounds offered by the Cannabis plant. Furthermore, we detail the recent advances in plant science, as well as synthetic biology, and the pharmacology surrounding Cannabis. Given the relative infancy of Cannabis research, we go on to highlight the parallels to previous research conducted in another medically relevant and versatile plant, Papaver somniferum (opium poppy), as an indicator of the possible future direction of Cannabis plant biology. Overall, this review highlights the future directions of cannabis research outside of the medical biology aspects of its well-characterised constituents and explores additional avenues for the potential improvement of the medical potential of the Cannabis plant.

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“…Finally, the use of add-on (20 mg/kg) oral CBD daily in patients with seizures associated with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome for 14 weeks was associated with viral infections (pneumonia: n = 4) almost exclusively by subjects with concomitant use of clobazam while no cases were reported in the placebo group [38]. Still, the assumption was made that this could be the result of a CBD-clobazam interaction promoting somnolence and broncho-aspirations and not necessarily an impact of CBD on immunity [39].…”

Section: Effect Of Cannabinoids and Cannabis On The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoids and COVID-19

Biali

Broers

Besson

et al. 2020

Med Cannabis Cannabinoids

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Since the endocannabinoid system is involved in immune function, the effect of cannabinoid intake on infectious conditions is questioned for several years and is of particular interest in the COVID 19 pandemia. Some data suggest that the immunomodulatory effect of cannabinoids may affect the course and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given the large number of cannabinoids consumers in the community, this commentary presents the current knowledge on the potential impact of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids on bacterial and viral infection courses namely SARS-CoV-2 disease. Practical recommendations, which can be drawn from the literature, are given.

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Serious adverse effects of cannabidiol (CBD): a review of randomized controlled trials

Cited by 57 publications

References 56 publications

Opportunities, Challenges and Pitfalls of Using Cannabidiol as an Adjuvant Drug in COVID-19

Opportunities, Challenges and Pitfalls of Using Cannabidiol as an Adjuvant Drug in COVID-19

Cannabis sativa: Interdisciplinary Strategies and Avenues for Medical and Commercial Progression Outside of CBD and THC

Cannabinoids and COVID-19

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