Serious Fun at Sun City: Theatre for Incarcerated Women in the “New” South Africa

Abstract

Women have been largely invisible in crime discourse in South Africa; they have never been conceived of as either the primary authors or objects of the law. Yet according to the Republic of South Africa Department of Correctional Services (DCS), they are one of the fastest-growing segments of the prison population today. In the eight years following democratic elections in 1994, DCS reports that the number of women behind bars grew by over 31 percent. From 2008 to 2012 alone, the women's prison population rose by 10 percent while the number of men behind bars declined. These increases are not fully attributable to an escalation in women's illicit behavior. Instead, shifts in policing and sentencing policies now mandate longer sentences for crimes for which women are most likely to be convicted—both aggressive and non-violent, often poverty-related, offenses such as theft (shoplifting, robbery, burglary, carjacking, fraud, embezzlement), narcotics (trafficking, sale, distribution), and sex work.

The Limits of Rehabilitation and Recidivism Reduction: Rethinking the Evaluation of Arts Programming in Prisons

“…Perhaps most encouraging, the incarcerated men run the program, choosing and hiring the professional director and actors who collaborate with them each year (Hansen, 2014). To date, there have been no consistent and long-term theater or artsbased programs offered to incarcerated women in Canada (for examples of international prison theater programs see Biggs, 2016;Keehan, 2015;Lucas et al, 2019).…”

The Limits of Rehabilitation and Recidivism Reduction: Rethinking the Evaluation of Arts Programming in Prisons

“…Perhaps most encouraging, the incarcerated men run the program, choosing and hiring the professional director and actors who collaborate with them each year (Hansen, 2014). To date, there have been no consistent and long-term theater or arts-based programs offered to incarcerated women in Canada (for examples of international prison theater programs see Biggs, 2016; Keehan, 2015; Lucas et al, 2019).…”

“…Participants were then given time to write their individual responses and complete the sentences. It is common for prison arts programs to require participants to disclose their criminal charges or tell deeply personal stories in order to encourage them to take responsibility for their actions as part of the rehabilitation process (Biggs, 2016; Fraden, 2004; Lucas, 2013). In contrast, the prompts in the arts program here were designed to offer space for self-determination and affirmation, and were never explicitly about the women’s prison sentences.…”