Serious Life Events and Congenital Malformations: A National Study With Complete Follow-Up

Hansen, Dennis Lund; Lou, Hans C.; Olsen, Jørn

doi:10.1097/00006254-200102000-00005

Cited by 61 publications

(91 citation statements)

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“…Stress itself may act as a causal factor for CMF as also shown in many studies. [20][21][22][23] In a large prospective study reported on EMF exposure in 1063 pregnant women around the San Francisco area, after participants wore a magnetic field detector, the researchers found that rates of pregnancy loss grew significantly with increasing levels of maximum magnetic field exposure in routine day-to-day life. 24 A study from Shimla (North India) showed higher percentage of malformations in low maternal age group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors of Congenital Malformations in North India: A Case—control Study

Sinha¹

2016

Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors of Congenital Malformations in North India: A Case—control Study

Sinha¹

2016

Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research

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“…6 First trimester stress has been linked to malformations of the cranial neural crest. 13 A study by Gilles et al 14 attempted to determine the magnitude of trauma in pregnancy as a risk factor for CP. This population-based study over 11 years did not resolve whether major trauma in pregnancy is associated with long-term neurological problems in the child but the number of cases was small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral palsy after maternal trauma in pregnancy

Hayes

Ryan

Stephenson

et al. 2007

Develop Med Child Neuro

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Ten children (six males, four females) with spastic (n=9) and mixed spastic‐dyskinetic (n=1) cerebral palsy were born at term to mothers who earlier in the pregnancy had been involved in accidents without suffering overt abdominal injury, placental abruption, or premature onset of labour. At follow‐up (at ages 2‐24y), Gross Motor Function Classification System levels were II (n=7) and V (n=3). Cognitive level was normal in five patients, while learning disability was mild to moderate in two and severe in three. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in all children, assessed blind to the dates of maternal trauma in pregnancy, showed lesions consistent with prenatal vascular insult at the time of the trauma. Feasible mechanisms of brain injury include reduced placental blood flow and/or placental embolization.

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“…Excessive glucocorticoids following stress in pregnant mothers may have such a programming effect on brain development (6)(7)(8)(9). In epidemiological studies, prenatal stress has been linked to congenital malformations (10), cerebral palsy (11), and psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia (12;13). Anxiety during pregnancy has been associated with ADHD phenotypical behavior in the offspring (14;15) but no published studies have evaluated the association between prenatal stress and the risk of ADHD.…”

Section: LImentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the offspring following prenatal maternal bereavement: a nationwide follow-up study in Denmark

Olsen

Vestergaard

et al. 2010

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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172

131

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Severe prenatal stress exposure has been found to increase the risk of neuropsychiatric conditions like schizophrenia. We examined the risk of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the offspring following prenatal maternal bereavement, as a potential source of stress exposure. We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study including all 1 015 912 singletons born in Denmark from 1987 to 2001. A total of 29 094 children were born to women who lost a close relative during pregnancy or up to one year before pregnancy. These children were included in the exposed cohort and other children were in the unexposed cohort. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios for ADHD, defined as the first-time ADHD hospitalization or first-time ADHD medication after 3 years of age. Boys born to mothers who were bereaved by unexpected death of a child or a spouse, had a 72% increased risk of ADHD (Hazard ratio [HR]=1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.09-2.73). Boys born to mothers who lost a child or a spouse during 0-6 months before pregnancy and during pregnancy had a HR of 1.47 (95%CI=1.00-2.16) and 2.10 (95% CI =1.16-3.80), respectively. Our findings suggest that prenatal maternal exposure to severe stress may increase the risk of ADHD in the offspring.Key words Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); stress; bereavement; fetal programming; child psychiatry.Ms No. ECAP-D-09-00192R2, Prenatal stress and ADHD, 04042010 3, LiAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood psychiatric disorders (1;2). This disease causes a number of adverse academic and vocational conditions in children, and exerts stress to the affected families and economic burden on society (3). The disorder has a substantial genetic component but epidemiological studies suggest that environmental factors operating in early life most likely contribute to the disease risk (3-5). Evidence from animal studies suggests that maternal stress during pregnancy may affect fetal neurodevelopment (6;7). One of the underlying mechanisms is termed as 'fetal programming', which occurs when the normal pattern of fetal development is disrupted by an abnormal stimulus or insult at critical time points (6;8). Excessive glucocorticoids following stress in pregnant mothers may have such a programming effect on brain development (6-9). In epidemiological studies, prenatal stress has been linked to congenital malformations (10), cerebral palsy (11), and psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia(12;13). Anxiety during pregnancy has been associated with ADHD phenotypical behavior in the offspring (14;15) but no published studies have evaluated the association between prenatal stress and the risk of ADHD.We hypothesized that prenatal stress had a programming effect on brain development (16-18) and could increase the risk of ADHD in childhood. We examined this hypothesis in a cohort study based on data from several nationwide registers in Denmark.Bereavement is a severe life event known to induce stress (...

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Serious Life Events and Congenital Malformations: A National Study With Complete Follow-Up

Cited by 61 publications

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Risk Factors of Congenital Malformations in North India: A Case—control Study

Risk Factors of Congenital Malformations in North India: A Case—control Study

Cerebral palsy after maternal trauma in pregnancy

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the offspring following prenatal maternal bereavement: a nationwide follow-up study in Denmark

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Serious Life Events and Congenital Malformations: A National Study With Complete Follow-Up

Cited by 61 publications

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Risk Factors of Congenital Malformations in North India: A Case&mdash;control Study

Risk Factors of Congenital Malformations in North India: A Case&mdash;control Study

Cerebral palsy after maternal trauma in pregnancy

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the offspring following prenatal maternal bereavement: a nationwide follow-up study in Denmark

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Risk Factors of Congenital Malformations in North India: A Case—control Study

Risk Factors of Congenital Malformations in North India: A Case—control Study