Sero-prevalence of Newcastle disease and associated risk factors in chickens at backyard chicken production Kindo Koisha, Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia

Abstract

Newcastle disease (ND) is a serious infectious disease of poultry caused by virulent strains of Avian Paramyxovirus-1 and has a substantial impact on villages where people's livelihood depends upon poultry farming in several developing countries including Ethiopia. In the district of the study area, no previous studies have been conducted. Thus, the aim of the present study was to estimate individual and household flock level seroprevalence and risk factors for ND in unvaccinated backyard chickens in Kindo Koisha district, Wolaita zone, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design was conducted. For the study, household flocks were sampled as a cluster, and backyard chickens within the cluster with an age of more than 3 months were sampled. A total of 598 blood samples were collected from 86 household flocks during the study period. Serum samples were tested for ND antibodies using an Indirect-Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay. The overall seroprevalence of ND virus at individual and flock level was 17.06% (95% CI: 14.25–20.29%) and 73.26% (95% CI: 62.79–81.64%), respectively. The ND seropositivity and associated risk factors were assessed at the individual bird and flock level by using ordinary and mixed effect logistic regression, respectively. Ordinary logistic regression revealed that crossbreed chickens had significantly higher odds of ND seropositivity than local breeds, with an odds ratio of 2.15 (95% CI: 1.54–3.00; p < 0.001). The odds of ND seropositivity was significantly higher in backyard chickens which belongs flock size >9 in comparison to <9 with an odds ratio of 3.7 (95% CI: 1.12–12.30; p < 0.031). The potential flock level risk factors related to ND seropositivity in this study were flock size, chicken house cleaning frequency, water source for chickens, dead chicken disposal practice, and distance to the next neighbor household, mixing with wild birds and owning pets. In conclusion, the current study generates significant information on the seroprevalence and the potential risk factors associated with ND at individual and flock level in Kindo Koisha district, Wolaita zone. Consequently, ND vaccination campaigns should be launched, and effective extension programs should also be provided to raise awareness about the disease.

Molecular Detection and Serological Investigation of Newcastle Disease in Intensive, Semi-Intensive, and Backyard Production Systems in Central and Southwestern Areas of Ethiopia

“…In this study, antibody against ND was detected in a higher proportion of the samples (68%) even though the sampled birds were not vaccinated ( Table 1 ). Similarly, antibodies were detected from unvaccinated birds located at Melekoza district of Gofa zone, 25 Sodo Zuria district; 26 Central Ethiopia; 27 Adama; 13 Buno Bedelle zone; 16 Eastern Shewa zone; 28 Wolaita zone 29 and Sebeta area. 15 This elicited the endemic nature of the disease over a wide area of the country which requires intervention to control.…”

In vitro analysis of quercetin-like compounds from mistletoe Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq as a potential antiviral agent for Newcastle disease

“…The analysis of 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR is presented in Figure 5(A) and 5(B), respectively; in each part, the upper part shows the QLCs and the lower part the standard. From Figure 5(A), the proton spectrum of QLCs can be identified, namely the chemical shift (δ) at 4.800 ppm is CD 3 OD, while the chemical shift (δ) CD 3 OD of the standard quercetin spectrum is 4.870 ppm.…”

“…From Figure 5(A), the proton spectrum of QLCs can be identified, namely the chemical shift (δ) at 4.800 ppm is CD 3 OD, while the chemical shift (δ) CD 3 OD of the standard quercetin spectrum is 4.870 ppm. Figure 5(B) shows the chemical shift (δ) position of the CD 3 OD in 13 C NMR of QLCs and quercetin standards occurred at 47.665 ppm.…”

“…In result, page 11, wavenumber should be separated. it was not uniformly written in many pages, (check page 12,13). The low yield of the extract should be compared to early researchers.…”

“…NDV is an RNA virus with at least 11 pathogenic PMV serotypes in poultry. 13 The classification of NDV isolates is divided into three groups according to virulence: the malignant group (velogenic), the moderately malignant group (mesogenic), and the group with low malignancy (lentogenic). 14 The exploration of QLCs as an antimicrobial agent, especially an antiviral, is critical given the demands of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food Agriculture Organization (FAO) regarding the third sustainable development goal (to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages) will be related to veterinary drug residues and antimicrobial resistance (AMR).…”