Seroconfirmed Typhoid Fever and Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices among Febrile Patients Attending at Injibara General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Mulu, Wondemagegn; Genet, Chalachew; Ababu, Kidist; Getachew, Solomon; Tesfaye, Fenkil; Wube, Asamrew; Chekol, Desalegn

doi:10.1155/2021/8887266

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Rural residents were seen to have the highest proportion of culture-confirmed typhoid fever than urban residents. These outcomes agree with a similar study conducted by Genet et al (2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Socio-Demographic Factors Affecting the Prevalence of Typhoid Fever Among Febrile Patients in Kebbi State, Nigeria

Faruku,

Sarkinfada,

Hafiz

et al. 2024

dujopas

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Typhoid fever is a life-threatening public health disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. The disease is a significant health concern in underdeveloped and most developing countries, especially in Asia and Africa (including Nigeria). The study was aimed at determining the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with typhoid fever among febrile patients attending three selected hospitals in Kebbi State, Nigeria. A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among 406 febrile patients suspected of typhoid fever aged 1-70 years (mean age 34 years) in three selected health facilities of Kebbi State, Nigeria from February2021 to October, 2021. Approximately 20 ml and 10 ml of venous blood was collected from adults and children respectively. Blood culture and biochemical tests were carried out. Patients were administered structured questionnaires to evaluate the level of knowledge and practice toward the disease. Data obtained from respondents was analysed by descriptive statistics. In this study, the culture identified Salmonella Typhi prevalence of typhoid fever among febrile study subjects in Kebbi State was 6.4%. A higher prevalence was recorded among males (7.5%) than in females (5.0%) participants. Patients within the age range of 11- 20 years had the highest prevalence (14.8%), those with informal education recorded 11.2%. It was observed that rural area dwellers had higher prevalence (9.4%). Out of 26 isolates, 25 were susceptible to cefotaxime, 11 isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole and amoxicillin-clavulanate antibiotics. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is an important and common cause of febrile illness in our population. Lack of good quality drinking water in rural areas has a greater impact on the burden of typhoid fever among study participants. Cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin therapy are suitable treatments for typhoid fever. The identification of sociodemographic characteristics associated with the disease are of great importance in providing holistic preventive approach and control strategies of the disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Socio-Demographic Factors Affecting the Prevalence of Typhoid Fever Among Febrile Patients in Kebbi State, Nigeria

Faruku,

Sarkinfada,

Hafiz

et al. 2024

dujopas

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“…For the occurrence of typhoid, 83 respondents representing 94.3% of the diagnosed patients had typhoid characterized by fever and high body temperatures. These results resonate well with a previous report by Mulu et al (2021) at Injibara General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia where more than 59.1-90.7% of study participants knew about typhoid fever and its mode of transmission. Eba and Bekele (2019) also reported that 54.9% of the patients interviewed in Lalo Assabi District, West Wollega, Oromiya, Ethiopia had typhoid fever based on clinical examination and serological test results.…”

Section: 70%supporting

confidence: 92%

Individual Factors Associated With the Occurrence of Typhoid Fever Among Adults Attending Bay Regional Hospital in Baidoa District, Somalia. A Cross-Sectional Study.

Mohamud,

Serunjogi

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The study aims to determine the individual factors associated with the occurrence of Typhoid Fever among adults attending Bay Regional Hospital in Baidoa district, Somalia. Methods.A cross-sectional design was used in this study as it is the most relevant design when assessing the prevalence of diseases and it is particularly useful in informing the planning and allocation of health resources. Results.The results obtained indicated that the occurrence of typhoid fever was about twice more likely to be experienced by males (corrected odds ratio, COR = 2.2551, 80% CI = 0.5820, 8.7373) who are aged 19-30 years (COR = 2.0660, 80% CI = 0.5868, 7.2734) than females. Families with a household size of 7-9 people were about 3.5 times more likely to have typhoid (COR = 3.7522, 80% CI = 1.8104, 7.7771) and this was significant (P = 0.020). Unlike initially hypothesized, depending on donation (COR = 0.5660, 80% CI = 0.3120, 1.0267), the household's monthly income (COR = 0.6980, 80% CI = 0.2719, 1.7922) and having no toilet (COR = 0.7790, 80% CI = 0.1370, 2.8138) had no independent associations with the occurrence of typhoid fever. Conclusion.The occurrence of typhoid fever was independently associated with males aged 19-30 years, families with household size of 7-9 people, not washing hands, and absence of clean water and sanitation facilities presented twice the risk of contracting typhoid fever. Recommendation.This study recommends that maintaining a lower household size and effective implementation of government policies on typhoid prevention could be effective strategies for the prevention of typhoid fever among adults attending the Medical Outpatient Unit at Bay Regional Hospital.

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“…Annually, there are around 5,700 cases in the United States, and 75 percent of these start while traveling internationally. Globally, around 21.5 million people contract typhoid annually http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i2.29 BAJOPAS Volume 14 Number 2, December, 2021 (Mulu et al, 2021). If typhoid is caught early, it can be successfully treated with antibiotics, if it is not treated the bacterium can live in the intestines and bloodstream of humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If typhoid is caught early, it can be successfully treated with antibiotics, if it is not treated the bacterium can live in the intestines and bloodstream of humans. It spreads between individuals by direct contact with the feces of an infected person (Mulu et al, 2021). The Salmonella typhi DNA Gyrase B is a subunit in the Salmonella receptor, due to the receptor been a multi-domain protein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Docking Study, Drug-Likeness and Pharmacokinetic Properties (ADMET) Prediction of Some Novel Thiophene Derivatives as Salmonella typhi Inhibitors

Anebi¹,

Ibrahim²,

Shallangwa³

et al. 2022

Bayero J. Pure App. Sci.

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Typhoid fever is a gram- negative bacterial infection caused by the bacterium called Salmonella Typhi, a rod-like shaped pathogen. Salmonella typhi is both food-born and water-born pathogen. This disease is affecting people in both developed and underdeveloped countries. In this research, geometry optimization was carried out using density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory in finding the most stable structures of all the studied molecules. Molecular docking studies was carried out on novel thiophene derivatives (anti-typhoid agents) against S. Typhi target (DNA gyrase B) with the pdb ID: 1TM2 to virtually screened the studied molecules. The drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties of the investigated molecules were also evaluated using SWISSADME and pkCSM online web tools, respectively. The molecular docking virtual screening carried out on the anti-typhoid agents has explored their theoretical binding affinities (which ranges between -7.1 to 7.8 kcal/mol) and poses with the active sites of the S. Typhi target (DNA gyrase B). Compound A11 with the highest binding affinity of -7.8 Kcal/mol interacted with the following amino acid residues LYS35, THR247, ASP166, VAL164, TRP170, ALA222, PHE41, TR266, ASP116 and PHE41 in the active site of the receptor via conventional hydrogen bond, carbon hydrogen bond, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, respectively. The drug-likeness of the studied compounds showed good response to the Lipinski’s rule of five filtering criterion by not violating more than one of the filtering criterion thereby confirming their drug-likeness properties and oral bioavailability, respectively. Their ADMET properties showed that they were all absorbed in the intestinal at a rate above 80% and well distributed in the brain and the central nervous system. They were all found to be both substrate and inhibitors of 3A4 which indicated their metabolic properties. And based on their predicted total clearance values, they can be excreted out. All the reported compounds had a negative AMES toxicity which mean they were all non-toxic. With reference been made to an approved already existing anti-typhoid agent ciprofloxacin with a binding affinity of -7.3 Kcal/mol to the investigated molecules (most especially compound A11), All the reported molecules have higher binding affinities than the ciprofloxacin, having good pharmacokinetic properties therefore proves the tendency of their effectiveness when been administered as drug.

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Seroconfirmed Typhoid Fever and Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices among Febrile Patients Attending at Injibara General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Socio-Demographic Factors Affecting the Prevalence of Typhoid Fever Among Febrile Patients in Kebbi State, Nigeria

Socio-Demographic Factors Affecting the Prevalence of Typhoid Fever Among Febrile Patients in Kebbi State, Nigeria

Individual Factors Associated With the Occurrence of Typhoid Fever Among Adults Attending Bay Regional Hospital in Baidoa District, Somalia. A Cross-Sectional Study.

Molecular Docking Study, Drug-Likeness and Pharmacokinetic Properties (ADMET) Prediction of Some Novel Thiophene Derivatives as Salmonella typhi Inhibitors

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