Serodiagnosis of toxoplasma gondii, associated risk factors in domesticated cats: preventing zoonosis in humans and implications for livestock extension

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis, an important zoonotic parasitic disease-causing infection in humans and contaminating the environment. Cats are the sole source of spreading infection. Current study was designed to serodiagnoses in the flooded area, Jhang, Pakistan. Using rapid identification pen side strip test 316 pet cats were examined at CVAS, Jhang and other private clinics in that area. Rapid ID Chromatographic immune assay was performed to detect the antibodies for Feline toxoplasma IgM and IgG in serum. Related associated risk factors like breed, sex, contact with other livestock animals, deworming, location type (urban or rural area), diet (nature of food either cooked or uncooked meat), and outdoor access for wandering were also interviewed by owner. Total seroprevalence of cats was 10.4% (33/316). IgG antibodies were found 9.09 (29/316) while IgM antibodies were 2.21% (7/316) in cats. Seroprevalence was significantly high in cats older than one year. No significant difference was recorded between males and females. Cats from peri urban areas showed higher prevalence. Cats having access to outside, contact with other animals and eating uncooked food showed high seroprevalence. The current study confirms that Toxoplasma gondii is widespread in pet animals in district Jhang, Pakistan. This study urges pets lower to be aware about the Toxoplasmosis diseases. Whereas, the livestock extension sector should disseminate the precautionary awareness among the public

Neem's Bioactive Marvels: A Therapeutic Review

“…This dosage notably lowered glucose by 18%, cholesterol by 15%, triglycerides by 32%, urea by 13%, creatinine by 23%, and lipids by 15% in diabetic rats (44). Anti-Malarial Activity Studies on the anti-malarial activity of neem extracts using Plasmodium berghei-infected albino mice showed that Neem leaves and stem bark extracts reduced parasitemia by approximately 56-87% and 51-80%, respectively (58). Insect Repellence Neem and its derivatives have been found to be effective against a wide range of insects, including mites and nematodes (59)(60)(61)(62).…”

“…The advancement in science and technology has enabled the modern medicinal application of these extracts, going beyond traditional medicinal folklore. Extracts from the neem tree have anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-feedant, growth regulatory, dentistry, anti-hyperglycemic, antimalarial, insect repellent, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-cancer properties (38,39,58). Neem plants are economically significant due to their wide range of uses in medicine.…”

Toxoplasmosis Infection in Newborn

“…[ 3 4 5 ] All felids can be the final hosts of T. gondii ; infected cats excrete T. gondii oocytes through their feces. [ 6 ] T. gondii infection is traditionally asymptomatic and self-limiting in immunocompetent people; however, it can cause a variety of life-threatening clinical complications in immunocompromised individuals. [ 7 ]…”