Seroepidemiological and biomolecular survey on Toxoplasma gondii in Sardinian wild boar (Sus scrofa)

Sini, Maria Francesca; Manconi, Maria; Varcasia, Antonio; Massei, Giovanna; Sandu, Ramona; Mehmood, Naunain; Ahmed, Fahad; Carta, Carlo; Cantacessi, Cinzia; Scarano, Christian; Scala, Antonio; Tamponi, Claudia

doi:10.1016/j.fawpar.2024.e00222

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Understanding the roles of animal reservoirs in the spread of T. gondii infection is also crucial for controlling the dissemination of this parasite ( Almería and Dubey, 2021 ). Wild boars may represent a key sentinel of environmental contamination with T. gondii and play an important role in maintaining its sylvatic cycle due to their scavenging and predatory behavior and frequent interactions with a wide range of different hosts ( Sini et al, 2024 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in invasive wild boars (Sus scrofa) and hunting dogs from Brazil

Perin,

Arias-Pacheco,

Andrade

et al. 2024

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in invasive wild boars (Sus scrofa) and hunting dogs from Brazil

Perin,

Arias-Pacheco,

Andrade

et al. 2024

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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“…Methods were made available to detect pathogenic protozoans from challenging food matrices, such as meat, milk, seafood, and cheese, and are available for validation. Molecular detection in meat was carried out for T. gondii by homogenizing tissue samples and extracting DNA from 25 mg of homogenate using commercial kits [168,173,175,176,295]. Detection of T. gondii from milk was accomplished by centrifugation, separation of fat, washing, and resuspension of the concentrated pellet before DNA extraction.…”

Section: Methods For the Detection/identification Of Protozoans In Fo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detection in cheese was carried out by homogenization in stomacher, washing the pellet from 1 mL of the homogenate, and using a commercial kit for DNA extraction from 200 µL of pellet suspension [177]. A method used for serological analysis in meats of T. gondii, applied to wild boar, is based on freezing at −20 • C in a plastic bag and meat juice collection after thawing for subsequent analysis [175].…”

Section: Methods For the Detection/identification Of Protozoans In Fo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A seroprevalence of 18.7% was reported in goats for which T. gondii represents a primary cause of abortion [165]. In farmed and free-ranging wild boars, seroprevalences were reported at 32% in North America; 26% in Europe; 13% in Asia; 5% in South America; 24.6% on Sardinia, Italy; 18.9% in southern Italy; and 15.5% in northern Italy [158,162,165,175].…”

Section: Distribution Of T Gondii In Food Producing Animals and Deriv...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Food and Drinking Water as Sources of Pathogenic Protozoans: An Update

Rossi,

Santonicola,

Amadoro

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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This narrative review was aimed at collecting updated knowledge on the risk factors, illnesses caused, and measures for the prevention of protozoan infections transmitted by food and drinking water. Reports screened dated from 2019 to the present and regarded global prevalence in food handlers, occurrence in food and drinking water, impact on human health, and recently reported outbreaks and cases of severe infections attributable to the dietary route. Cryptosporidium spp., Cyclospora cayetanensis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cystoisospora belli were the protozoans most frequently involved in recently reported waterborne and foodborne outbreaks and cases. Blastocystis hominis was reported to be the most widespread intestinal protozoan in humans, and two case reports indicated its pathogenic potential. Dientamoeba fragilis, Endolimax nana, and Pentatrichomonas hominis are also frequent but still require further investigation on their ability to cause illness. A progressive improvement in surveillance of protozoan infections and infection sources took place in developed countries where the implementation of reporting systems and the application of molecular diagnostic methods led to an enhanced capacity to identify epidemiological links and improve the prevention of foodborne and waterborne protozoan infections.

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Using ELISA to detect pathogen antibodies in wild mammal carcasses: a systematic literature review

Ruy,

McDevitt,

O'Connor

et al. 2024

Mammal Review

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Carcasses of wild mammals provide convenient samples for wildlife disease investigators. Specifically, antibodies can persist in the blood and tissues of animals up to a few days after death and can provide information on exposure to specific pathogens, including microorganisms with zoonotic implications, such as Toxoplasma gondii, Trichinella spp., Brucella spp., and Mycobacterium spp. Although screening samples from decaying wildlife for antibodies is not a new method, an overview of the literature with clear recommendations on best practices is lacking. Here, we present results from a systematic review of 115 studies using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect pathogen antibodies in wild mammals across 298 individual research projects. We discuss the range of mammalian hosts and the pathogens most represented in the literature and suggest improvements to consider when using samples from decaying animals for seroinvestigation. Our results indicate that the most examined mammals were artiodactyl ungulates and that antibodies against the bacteria Brucella spp. are those most examined to date, followed by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, malignant catarrhal fever virus, Schmallenberg orthobunyavirus, and the coccidian Neospora caninum. The effect of haemolysis in serum samples on ELISA results was considered in only 3.7% of the research projects we reviewed, sample size decisions were not outlined in 83% of research projects, and half of the projects did not examine seroprevalence in different age classes. Nevertheless, these details are important for replicability and accurate interpretation of results. We highlight the benefits and limitations of detecting antibodies against pathogens in carcasses from wild mammalian groups. Wild mammals are reservoirs for a wide range of pathogens including those with zoonotic potential and investigating their carcasses can help wildlife investigators to better understand the epidemiology of many diseases with implications for wildlife, livestock, and human health.

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Seroepidemiological and biomolecular survey on Toxoplasma gondii in Sardinian wild boar (Sus scrofa)

Cited by 6 publications

References 49 publications

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in invasive wild boars (Sus scrofa) and hunting dogs from Brazil

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in invasive wild boars (Sus scrofa) and hunting dogs from Brazil

Food and Drinking Water as Sources of Pathogenic Protozoans: An Update

Using ELISA to detect pathogen antibodies in wild mammal carcasses: a systematic literature review

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