Seroepidemiological and socioeconomic studies of genital chlamydial infection in Ethiopian women.

Duncan, M E; Jamil, Yasmin; Tibaux, G; Pelzer, A; Mehari, L; Darougar, S

doi:10.1136/sti.68.4.221

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Similar findings have been reported in other studies [12, 22]. In contrast with previous literature, marital status [15] and other factors that might be associated with CT, including urban residence [16], multiple sexual partners [8], and pre-marital sex were not found to be significant risk factors in this study. In Ethiopia, it was difficult to obtain information regarding sexual behavior because of socio-cultural inhibitions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In a previous study, the sero-prevalence of genital chlamydial infection among Ethiopian women was shown to be 62%with42% havingtiters suggestive of recent or present genital infection. In the same study, factors found to be associated with the infection were age at first coitus, religion, prostitution, number of sexual partners and present age of the woman [8]. However, further investigations on the epidemiology of genital chlamydial infection in Ethiopiaare required to understand whether the country’s comprehensive and expanded human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)responseshave impacted the significance of CT infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Infection among Women of Reproductive Age Attending the Gynecology Clinic of Hawassa University Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

et al. 2016

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BackgroundUrogenital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis(CT) is one of the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) world-wide, especially in developing nations where routine laboratory diagnosis is unavailable. Little is known about the epidemiology of this infection in Ethiopia where other STIs are prevalent. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated factors of CT infection among women of reproductive age.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 322 consecutive women aged between 15–49 years at Hawassa University Referral Hospital from November 2014 to April 2015. Data on socio-demography and potential risk factors for genital infection were collected using structured questionnaires. Moreover, endocervical swabs were collected from all participants, screened for CT antigen using rapid immunochromatography assay, and cultured following the standard bacteriological method to isolate Neisseria gonorrhoeae.ResultIn this study, the overall prevalence of CT antigen and N. gonorrhoeae infection was 61(18.9%) and 1(0.31%), respectively. Women aged 15–24 years had the highest prevalence of CT infection (24.2%), followed by those aged 25–34 years (16.8%) and those aged 35–49 years (9.6%). CTinfection was associated with women who had unprotected sex within the last six months (aOR = 3.459; 95% CI = 1.459–8.222) and were sexually active for 6–10 years (aOR = 3.076; 95% CI = 1.152–8.209). None of the clinical symptoms and diagnoses was significantly associated with CT antigen positivity.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of genital CT infection in this study highlights the need for further large-scale studies on the general population. Thus, screening of women regardless of their symptoms should be in place.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Infection among Women of Reproductive Age Attending the Gynecology Clinic of Hawassa University Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

et al. 2016

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“…Prevalence of chlamydial antigen was lower than expected from serological studies that estimated active infection based on IgM and high IgG levels. Overall exposure was 84 %, with a rate of 54 % for ANC attenders in a 1977 study that involved 1846 women seen at various women's clinics in Addis Ababa [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of HIV, syphilis and genital chlamydial infection among women in North-West Ethiopia

et al. 1998

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The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among women visiting antenatal (ANC) and gynaecological clinics in Gondar, north-west Ethiopia, was investigated. Between April and August 1995, 728 women consented to enter the study. Prevalence rates were 5.9% (41/693) for chlamydial antigen in cervix, 18.8% (113/600) for syphilis (Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay [TPHA]) and 25.3% (150/593) for HIV. Active syphilis (RPR)+, TPHA+ was detected in 74% (44/597). HIV infection rate was higher among women with higher age of first marriage and low gravidity. It was significantly associated with young age, urban residence, and presence of genital ulcer (odds ratio [OR] = 6.3), and lymphadenopathy (OR = 2.8) on examination. Women seropositive for syphilis had married at an earlier age, were significantly older and had changed husbands. Low gravidity and age < 30 were independently significant risk factors for cervical chlamydial antigen positivity which was predominantly asymptomatic. Significant association was observed between HIV infection and syphilis (OR = 2.6). Active syphilis was associated with chlamydial (OR = 3.4) and HIV infection (OR = 4.1). The rate of 23.4% and 15.1% of HIV seropositivity among ANC attenders and rural women respectively is an indicator of the rapid progression of the HIV epidemic in the area.

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“…Several large serological studies indicate that HSV‐2‐positive individuals are likely to be C. trachomatis ‐positive as well (Paroli et al ., 1990; Vetter et al ., 1990; Silins et al ., 2002). Also, seropositivity rates of >50% for both HSV‐2 and C. trachomatis have been reported, suggesting that some study participants had been exposed to both (Duncan et al ., 1992; Wagner et al ., 1994). Although IgG seropositivity cannot establish concurrent infection, it is likely that both organisms were present simultaneously in some individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia trachomatis enters a viable but non-cultivable (persistent) state within herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) co-infected host cells

et al. 2006

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SummaryEpidemiological and clinical studies have shown that double infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and Chlamydia trachomatis occurs in vivo . We hypothesized that co-infection would alter replication of these agents. To test this hypothesis, HeLa cells were infected with C. trachomatis serovar E, followed 24 h later by HSV-2 strain 333. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analyses indicated that, by 10 h after HSV addition, reticulate bodies (RBs) in coinfected cells were swollen, aberrantly shaped and electron-lucent. In infectious titre assays, HSV-2 coinfection abrogated production of infectious chlamydial progeny. Western blot analyses indicated that accumulation of chlamydial major outer membrane protein (MOMP) was decreased by HSV co-infection while accumulation of chlamydial heat-shock protein 60-1 (HSP60-1) was increased. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiments indicated that chlamydial genome copy number was unaltered by HSV-2 superinfection. Semi-quantitative, reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) experiments demonstrated that levels of chlamydial groEL , ftsK , ftsW , dnaA and unprocessed 16S rRNA transcripts were not changed by HSV-2 super-infection. These data indicate that HSV-2 superinfection drives chlamydia into a viable but noncultivable state, which is the hallmark of persistence. Because chlamydial HSP60-1 has been associated with immunopathology in vivo , these results also suggest that disease severity might be increased in coinfected individuals.

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Seroepidemiological and socioeconomic studies of genital chlamydial infection in Ethiopian women.

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Infection among Women of Reproductive Age Attending the Gynecology Clinic of Hawassa University Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Infection among Women of Reproductive Age Attending the Gynecology Clinic of Hawassa University Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

Prevalence of HIV, syphilis and genital chlamydial infection among women in North-West Ethiopia

Chlamydia trachomatis enters a viable but non-cultivable (persistent) state within herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) co-infected host cells

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