Seroepidemiology and Molecular Epidemiology of Enterovirus 71 in Russia

Akhmadishina, Ludmila V.; Eremeeva, Tatiana P.; Троценко, О. Е.; Ivanova, Olga E.; Михайлов, М. И.; Lukashev, Alexander N.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097404

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Studies conducted in northern China reported a higher EV71 seroprevalence although the southern areas tend to have longer periods of EV71 activity with two epidemics in some years [7]. However several large outbreaks of HFMD have been reported in northern China recently [73, 74]. Russia, a high-latitude country, also reported a relatively higher seroprevalence (83% in children 5 years) but with lower HFMD incidence in a recent study [73].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However several large outbreaks of HFMD have been reported in northern China recently [73, 74]. Russia, a high-latitude country, also reported a relatively higher seroprevalence (83% in children 5 years) but with lower HFMD incidence in a recent study [73]. Although higher environmental temperatures and humidity are associated with the higher HFMD incidence in China [75–77], HFMD occurrence is likely to be driven by a range of factors not limited to environmental conditions, such as population structure, birth rates, urbanization and the prevalent circulating strains [63, 75, 78].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence of Enterovirus 71 Antibody Among Children in China

Yang

et al. 2015

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Background Hand, foot and mouth disease mostly affects children and carries a substantial disease burden in the Western Pacific region. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the most virulent causative agent, and a monovalent vaccine against EV71 will soon become commercially available in China. An improved understanding of EV71 epidemiology could aid policy decisions regarding childhood immunization in China. Objective We aimed to assess and summarize information to date from individual seroepidemiologic studies of EV71 in mainland China in order to determine patterns of the age-specific risk of infection. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of children aged 0–15 years, published in English or Chinese, was conducted. Estimates of seroprevalence were summarized by age group. A mixed-effects regression model was used to explore factors co-varying with EV71 seroprevalence. Results We identified 42 published studies, including 15 in English. We found that an average of 78% of neonates were seropositive to EV71 infection but such maternally conferred immunity almost completely waned by 5 months. The seroprevalence of EV71 antibody increased directly with age among pre-school children, from 26% (95% CI, 18–33%) at 1 year to 70% (95% CI, 62–78%) at 5 years. Age of subjects, sample size, sampling year, sampling method, geographic latitude and publication language were associated with variations of individual seroprevalence estimates. Conclusions Seroprevalence of EV71 antibody gradually declined during the first five months in infants. Infection with EV71 was most likely to occur between 2 and 4 years. Our findings may be useful in informing population-based EV71 vaccination strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Enterovirus 71 Antibody Among Children in China

Yang

et al. 2015

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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“…At present, the study of EV71 mainly focused on the investigation of outbreak, 19 the analysis of severe cases, 20 the surveillance of molecular epidemiology, 21 and the evaluation of EV71 vaccine efficacy. 22,23 This study, based on 2 large-scale phase 3 clinical trials of an inactivated EV71 vaccine, we estimated the economic and health burden of EV71 associated-disease using the TAPQOL questionnaire to provide valuable information for both those researching the cost-effectiveness analysis of EV71 vaccine and those who make policies regarding the plan or allocation of health resources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease burden of enterovirus 71 in rural central China: A community-based survey

Gan¹,

Jin²,

et al. 2015

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…Since then, EV71 has caused several large-scale epidemic outbreaks throughout the world, especially in the Asia-Pacific region (2)(3)(4). These outbreaks caused significant morbidity and mortality and severely endangered the public health (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Enterovirus 71 3C Promotes Apoptosis through Cleavage of PinX1, a Telomere Binding Protein

Yao

et al. 2017

J Virol

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Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is an emerging pathogen causing hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and fatal neurological diseases in infants and young children due to their underdeveloped immunocompetence. EV71 infection can induce cellular apoptosis through a variety of pathways, which promotes EV71 release. The viral protease 3C plays an important role in EV71-induced apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for 3C-triggered apoptosis remains elusive. Here, we found that EV71 3C directly interacted with PinX1, a telomere binding protein. Furthermore, 3C cleaved PinX1 at the site of Q50-G51 pair through its protease activity. Overexpression of PinX1 reduced the level of EV71-induced apoptosis and EV71 release, whereas depletion of PinX1 by small interfering RNA promoted apoptosis induced by etoposide and increased EV71 release. Taken together, our study uncovered a mechanism that EV71 utilizes to promote host cell apoptosis through cleavage of cellular protein PinX1 by 3C.IMPORTANCE EV71 3C plays an important role in processing viral proteins and interacting with host cells. In this study, we showed that 3C promoted apoptosis through cleaving PinX1, a telomere binding protein, and that this cleavage facilitated EV71 release. Our study demonstrated that PinX1 plays an important role in EV71 release and revealed a novel mechanism that EV71 utilizes to induce apoptosis. This finding is important in understanding EV71-host cell interactions and has potential impact on understanding other enterovirus-host cell interactions.KEYWORDS enterovirus 71, 3C, PinX1, apoptosis E nterovirus 71 (EV71) is an emerging pathogen that was originally isolated from an infant with central nervous system disease in California (1). Since then, EV71 has caused several large-scale epidemic outbreaks throughout the world, especially in the Asia-Pacific region (2-4). These outbreaks caused significant morbidity and mortality and severely endangered the public health (5). EV71 infection causes hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and fatal neurological diseases, such as aseptic meningitis, brainstem encephalitis, and neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE), in infants and young children due to their underdeveloped immunocompetence (6). To date, there are no effective therapeutic medicines or vaccines for EV71.EV71 belongs to the Picornaviridae family with a single positive-stranded RNA genome. Translation of the RNA genome produces a single polyprotein precursor that is subsequently processed into structural (VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4) and nonstructural (2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D) proteins (7). In addition to its role in viral precursor processing (8), 3C is also involved in a number of biological processes. It has been reported that 3C cleaves cellular CstF-64 protein, which inhibits host RNA processing and polyadenylation (9). Interferon-regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) (10), TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing beta interferon (TRIF) (11) and the TAK1/TAB1/

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Seroepidemiology and Molecular Epidemiology of Enterovirus 71 in Russia

Cited by 29 publications

References 23 publications

Seroprevalence of Enterovirus 71 Antibody Among Children in China

Seroprevalence of Enterovirus 71 Antibody Among Children in China

Disease burden of enterovirus 71 in rural central China: A community-based survey

Enterovirus 71 3C Promotes Apoptosis through Cleavage of PinX1, a Telomere Binding Protein

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