Seroepidemiology and the Molecular Detection of Animal Brucellosis in Punjab, Pakistan

Saeed, Usama; Ali, Shahzad; Khan, Tahir Mahmood; El-Adawy, Hosny; Melzer, Falk; Khan, Aman U.; Iftikhar, Asma; Neubauer, Heinrich

doi:10.3390/microorganisms7100449

Cited by 37 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Farm B, Farm F, Farm D, and Farm A had seropositive buffaloes whereas only Farm G and Farm J had seropositive cattle. Herd size, farm management practices, and contact with other domestic animals have been associated with the infection occurrence at different farms/herds [3,29,34,35]. However, the results are contradicted [36][37][38] and remain undetermined elsewhere in the country [39,40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brucellosis is an established professional health hazard in Pakistan [11,[43][44][45]. Both B. abortus and B. melitensis have been identified [2][3][4][5][46][47][48]. Despite a great influx of brucellosis reporting in the recent past, livestock holders seem to be unaware of the infection [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are non-spore forming, non-motile, non-hemolytic and facultative intra-cellular living, Gram-negative coccobacilli. Although Brucellae show a certain host preference, e.g., B. abortus prefers bovines and B. melitensis small ruminants, cross-species transmission does occur when different animals are in close contact with each other [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Brucellosis occurs worldwide, especially in developing and tropical countries, whereas North and Central Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and Canada are considered as being free from conventional brucellosis in domestic animals [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological and Molecular Detection of Bovine Brucellosis at Institutional Livestock Farms in Punjab, Pakistan

Jamil

Melzer

Saqib

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Bovine brucellosis remains a persistent infection in ruminants in Pakistan. A total of 828 (409 buffaloes and 419 cattle) sera were collected from 11 institutional-owned livestock farms in Punjab, Pakistan. The samples were tested by rose bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). The seroprevalence along with 95% confidence interval (CI) was determined. Univariable and multivariable analysis of the epidemiological background data was conducted and odds ratio (OR) was calculated to understand any association between the risk factors and the seroprevalence. An overall seroprevalence of 3.9% (Positive/Tested = 32/828) and 3.3% (27/828) was detected by RBPT and iELISA, respectively. The seroprevalence of 5.6% (CI 3.6–8.3) and 4.7%, (CI 2.8–7.2) and the odds ratio of 2.63 (CI 1.20–5.77) and 2.50 (CI 1.08–5.78) for testing positive by RBPT and iELISA, respectively were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in buffaloes than in cattle. Breed, sex, history of abortion and retention of fetal membranes (RFM) in the animals were not found statistically significantly associated with the infection. RBPT and iELISA based results agreed almost perfect (k = 0.877). In total, Brucella abortus-DNA (9/27) was amplified from seropositive samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction. This study identified for the first time the etiological agents of brucellosis at a molecular level at institutional-owned livestock farms in Pakistan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological and Molecular Detection of Bovine Brucellosis at Institutional Livestock Farms in Punjab, Pakistan

Jamil

Melzer

Saqib

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Both districts were chosen as representative for different epidemiological settings of livestock brucellosis. Based on previous literature, we supposed that B. melitensis is prevalent in these districts although no isolates were available at the time of sample collection [64].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological and Molecular Investigation of Brucella Species in Dogs in Pakistan

et al. 2019

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Brucellosis is an important bacterial zoonosis caused by B. abortus and B. melitensis in Pakistan. The status of canine brucellosis caused by B. canis remains obscure. In total, 181 serum samples were collected from stray and working dogs in two different prefectures viz. Faisalabad (n = 87) and Bahawalpur (n = 94). Presence of antibodies against B. canis and B. abortus/B. melitensis was determined using the slow agglutination test (SAT) and ELISA, respectively. Real-time PCR was performed to detect and differentiate Brucella DNA at the species level. In Faisalabad, the serological prevalence was found to be 9.2% (8/87) and 10.3% (9/87) by SAT and ELISA, respectively. Only one of the ELISA positive samples (1.15%) yielded amplification for B. abortus DNA. In Bahawalpur, 63.8% (60/94) samples were found positive by SAT; however, none of the samples was positive by ELISA or by real-time PCR. Location, age (≥1 year) and body condition (weak) were found to be associated with B. canis infection, whereas presence of wounds was found to be associated with B. abortus infection only. These findings point towards a risk of transmission from dog to livestock and humans and vice versa. The study expects to draw the attention of concerned authorities towards infection prevention and animal welfare. This study warrants further epidemiological investigation on brucellosis in pet dogs and their owners. To the best of our knowledge, this is first ever report on B. canis and B. abortus in dogs in Pakistan.

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“…We found a seroprevalence of 6.65% for brucellosis in camels. This is expected because the disease is endemic in the country with multiple evidences on varying rate of prevalence in human, small and large ruminants (Shafee et al, 2011;Arif et al, 2018;Saeed et al, 2019) and camels (Fatima et al, 2016;Shahzad et al, 2017). Despite zoonotic implications and potential of Brucella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sentinel surveillance of selected veterinary and public health pathogens in camel population originating from Southern Punjab province, Pakistan

et al. 2020

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An extended range of host susceptibility including camel has been evidenced for some of the important veterinary and public health pathogens, such as brucellosis, peste des petits ruminants (PPR) and bluetongue (BT). However, in disease endemic settings across many parts of the globe, most of the disease control interventions accounts for small and large ruminants, whereas unusual hosts and/or natural reservoirs, such as camels, remain neglected for disease control measures including routine vaccination. Such a policy drawback not only plays an important role in disease epizootiology particularly in settings where disease is endemic, but also serves an obstacle in disease control and subsequent eradication in future. With this background, using pre-validated ELISA and molecular assays [multiplex PCR, reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR and real-time (rt)-PCR], we conducted a large-scale pathogen-and antibody-based surveillance for brucellosis, peste des petits ruminants and bluetongue in camel population (n = 992) originating from a wide geographical region in southern part of the Punjab province, Pakistan. Varying in each of the selected districts, the seroprevalence was found to be maximum for bluetongue [n = 697 (70.26%, 95% CI: 67.29-73.07)], followed by PPR [n = 193 (19.46%,] and brucellosis [n = 66 (6.65%, 95% CI: 5.22-8.43)]. Odds of seroprevalence were more significantly associated with pregnancy status (non-pregnant, OR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.86-5.63, p<0.01), farming system (mixed-animal, OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.56-4.29, p<0.01), breed (Desi, OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.28-4.03, p<0.01) and farmer education (illiterate, OR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.45-6.93, p<0.01) for BTV, body condition (normal, OR = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.92-6.54, p<0.01) and breed (Desi, OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.09-4.40, p<0.01) for brucellosis, and feeding system for PPR (grazing, OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.79-4.22, p<0.01). Among the total herds included (n = 74), genome corresponding to BT virus (BTV) and brucellosis was detected in 14 (18.92%, 95 CI: 11.09-30.04) and 19 herds (25.68%, 95% CI: 16.54-37.38), respectively. None of the herds was detected with genome of PPR virus (PPRV). Among the positive herds, serotype 1, 8 and 11 were detected for BTV while all the herds were exclusively positive to B. abortus. Taken together, the study highlights the role of potential disease reservoirs in the persistence and transmission of selected diseases in their susceptible hosts and, therefore, urges necessary interventions (e.g., inclusion of camels for vaccine etc.) for the control of diseases from their endemic setting worldwide.

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Seroepidemiology and the Molecular Detection of Animal Brucellosis in Punjab, Pakistan

Cited by 37 publications

References 32 publications

Serological and Molecular Detection of Bovine Brucellosis at Institutional Livestock Farms in Punjab, Pakistan

Serological and Molecular Detection of Bovine Brucellosis at Institutional Livestock Farms in Punjab, Pakistan

Serological and Molecular Investigation of Brucella Species in Dogs in Pakistan

Sentinel surveillance of selected veterinary and public health pathogens in camel population originating from Southern Punjab province, Pakistan

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