Seroepidemiology of Leptospira infection in backyard pigs in Durango State, Mexico

Cruz‐Romero, Anabel; Alvarado‐Esquivel, Cosme; Romero-Salas, Dora; Alvarado‐Félix, Ángel Osvaldo; Sánchez‐Montes, Sokani; Hernández‐Tinoco, Jesús; Sánchez‐Anguiano, Luis Francisco

doi:10.1556/1886.2018.00009

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…On the other hand, a low geographical elevation was related to the presence of anti-Leptospira sp. antibodies, which is in agreement with previous studies carried out in dogs and pigs, although the level of the geographical scale of the study of the variable may change its positive relationship (Cruz-Romero et al, 2018;Gracie et al, 2014;Major et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Spatial epidemiology ofLeptospirasp. exposure in bovines from Veracruz, México

Gutiérrez-Molina

Acevedo

Sánchez‐Montes

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Bovine leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects cattle herds, causing economic losses due to reproductive problems which require expensive treatments. The main source of transmission for cattle is still uncertain, but rodents and bats can play an important role in the transmission cycle by being maintenance hosts for the pathogenic species of the bacterium and spreading it through urine. In this study, we characterize possible risk areas for bovine leptospirosis exposure in the state of Veracruz, Mexico, based on the geographical distribution of flying (bats) and terrestrial (rodents and opossums) wild hosts of Leptospira sp. reported in Mexico, in addition to climate, geography, soil characteristics, land use and human activities (environmental variables). We used a generalized linear regression model to understand the association between the frequency of anti-Leptospira sp. antibodies (a proxy of exposure) in cattle herds exposed to Leptospira, the favourability of wild hosts of Leptospira as well as the environmental variables. The parameterized model explained 12.3% of the variance. The frequency of anti-Leptospira sp. antibodies exposure in cattle herds was associated with elevation, geographic longitude, pH of the soil surface and environmental favourability for the presence of rodents, opossums and bats. The variation in exposure was mainly explained by a longitudinal gradient (6.4% of the variance) and the favourability-based indices for wild hosts (9.6% of the variance). Describing the possible risks for exposure to Leptospira in an important and neglected livestock geographical region, we provide valuable information for the selection of areas for diagnosis and prevention of this relevant disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Spatial epidemiology ofLeptospirasp. exposure in bovines from Veracruz, México

Gutiérrez-Molina

Acevedo

Sánchez‐Montes

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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“…In the current study, anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies were detected in 59.3% of the pigs tested, which is a high prevalence, 2-3 times higher compared to similar studies performed in Italy [32] and Germany [33], and close to that reported by Cruz-Romero et al from small households in Mexico [34].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Potential sources of infection with selected zoonotic agents in the veterinary work environment – pilot studies

Wójcik-Fatla

Sroka

Zając

et al. 2020

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction and Objective. The problem of occupational biohazards is very important, especially in the field of agriculture and in human and veterinary medicine. The aim of the study was to determine the potential sources of infection in veterinary professionals with selected zoonotic agents, including: Toxoplasma gondii, Giardia duodenalis, Leptospira spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Coxiella burnetii. Materials and Method. A total of 50 air samples from barns, piggeries and veterinary surgeries were examined for the presence of Leptospira spp. and C. burnetii DNA. Serum samples of 86 pigs and 80 cows were tested for the presence of antibodies to Leptospira spp. and to phase I and II C. burnetii antigens. Serum of 70 cats were tested for the presence of antibodies to T. gondii and 65 samples of cat faeces for the presence of T. gondii oocysts. The presence of G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. were examined in 50 of dog faeces and 50 of bovine faeces samples. Results. DNA of Leptospira spp. was detected in 2 air samples from the piggeries (4%). C. burnetii DNA was not found in any sample. Anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies were detected in 51 (59.3%) of examined pigs. Neither anti-Leptospira spp. nor anti-C. burnetii antibodies were found among samples of bovine serum. Anti-T. gondii antibodies was found in 52 cat serum samples (74.3%). Among samples of cat faeces, no T. gondii oocysts were detected. In one sample of cattle stool (2%), G. duodenalis was detected and in another (2%)-Cryptosporidium spp. G. duodenalis was detected in 7 samples (14%) and Cryptosporidium spp. in 2 samples (2%) of dog faeces. Conclusions. The results of this study demonstrate the potential risk of infection with Leptospira spp. in veterinarians working with pigs. Veterinarians could be also be at risk of infection with T. gondii and G. duodenalis.

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“…Nevertheless, detection of antibodies against Djasiman and Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroups evidenced additional exposure to sources contaminated with leptospires shed by synanthropic or wild mammals 3,29 . Regarding different species of L. interrogans serogroups, this study showed a high frequency of seroprevalent and seroincident cases against the Tarassovi serogroup, which is mainly found in pigs 3,30 . Even though the Tarassovi serogroup is present in different species of Leptospira considered as pathogens and classified into subgroup II, this serogroup has not been incriminated in clinical cases of leptospirosis in humans yet 43 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Our analysis showed that the tenancy of piglets and the eyesight of opossums in the peridomiciliary area were important risk factors for seroprevalent cases, and the presence of a dirt floor inside households was associated with both seroprevalent and seroincident cases of Leptospira infection. Other studies have identified the presence of piglets and opossums in the peridomiciliary area as risk factors for Leptospira infection; these mammals have been considered as potential hosts participating in the life cycles of several Leptospira species 3,29,30 . Also, Bierke et al 31 found that Leptospira can survive for long periodsin several types of soil depending on its physical, chemical, and biological conditions such as pH, temperature, or mineral concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospira infection in rural areas of Urabá region, Colombia: a prospective study

Velez

Rodas

Rojas

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The objective of this study was to analyze the eco-epidemiological aspects of Leptospira seroprevalence and seroincidence, and its associated factors in two municipalities of northwest Colombia. A prospective study was performed in rural areas of Uraba, Antioquia, Colombia. The study enrolled 597 people between November 2015 and January 2016, of which 274 people were followed up one year later. Serologic testing was performed by a microscopic agglutination. The outcomes were seroprevalent and seroincident cases, and the main exposure was an outdoor occupation. A binary and mixed effect multinomial logistic regression model was used to estimate factors associated with seroprevalent or seroincident cases of Leptospira infection. The overall Leptospira seroprevalence was 27.81% (95%CI:23.62;32.49) and the overall cumulative seroincidence for Leptospira was 14.60% (95%CI:10.33;20.23). Multivariable analysis showed that factors associated with L. interrogans serogroups seropositivity were outdoor occupation, male gender, older age, the presence of dirt soil in the household, and the presence of piglets and opossums. It also showed that factors associated with other Leptospira species serogroups were the presence of pit latrines and of turkeys. In addition, the multivariable model of seroincident cases of L. interrogans serogroups evidenced outdoor occupations, the presence of rats, and corn cultivation as risk factors. Likewise, the multivariable model for seroincident cases of other Leptospira species showed that the presence of hunting canines and cassava cultivation were risk factors. We found specific factors associated with the transmission of Leptospira serogroups contribute to the understanding of the epidemiology of Leptospira infection in rural areas of Uraba, Colombia.

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Seroepidemiology of Leptospira infection in backyard pigs in Durango State, Mexico

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Spatial epidemiology ofLeptospirasp. exposure in bovines from Veracruz, México

Spatial epidemiology ofLeptospirasp. exposure in bovines from Veracruz, México

Potential sources of infection with selected zoonotic agents in the veterinary work environment – pilot studies

Leptospira infection in rural areas of Urabá region, Colombia: a prospective study

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