Seroepidemiology of TORCH Infections among 1.7 Million Women of Childbearing Age in Rural China: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

We conducted a national seroepidemiological study of the TORCH (Toxoplasma gondii [TOX], Rubella [RV], Cytomegalovirus [CMV], and Herpes Simplex Virus) in rural women to provided updated baseline data on TORCH prevalence. A total of 1,541,329 women of childbearing age were gathered from 2010 to 2012 in China. Of these, 858,072 women were tested positive for anti-RV IgG antibodies, 602,251 women were tested positive for anti-CMV antibodies, and 40,055 women were tested positive for anti-TOX antibodies. TORCH prevalence was highest among young adults (aged 25–34 years; P < 0.0001). A total of 69,220 women (4.49%) had received RV vaccination, of whom 49,988 (72.2%) had vaccine-acquired immunity. Of 1,541,329 women, 6,107 (0.40%) tested positive for anti-TOX IgM antibodies and 6,646 (0.43%) tested positive for anti-CMV IgM antibodies, suggesting the presence of TOX and CMV infections. TORCH markers were all more prevalent in the eastern region of China than in the central or western regions (all P < 0.0001). Prevalence rates related to all recent infection markers of TOX and CMV increased with increasing age in all regions (P < 0.0001). TORCH prevalence rates were found to be lower than previously published rates. This may be attributed to improvements in living standards and health habits in China. However, considering that the decrease in prevalence has led to an increase in the number of susceptible people, and the partial immunity caused by some pathogenic infections still leave infected people at risk of reinfection, strengthened vaccination and health education is essential to improve the quality of life of the Chinese population.

The impact of migration-related characteristics on the risk of TORCH infections among women of childbearing age: A population-based study in southern China

“…Serum specimens with concentrations of anti-TOX IgG > 8.8 IU/mL and anti-TOX IgM > 10 AU/mL, anti-CMV IgG > 22.0 IU/mL, anti-CMV IgM > 18 AU/mL and anti-RV IgG > 10.0 IU/mL, were considered as positive. In this study, IgG+/IgM-indicated the past infection of a speci c pathogen for the participants, and IgM+/(IgG-or IgG+) indicated the recent infection [23].…”

The epidemiology and disease burden of congenital TORCH infections among hospitalized children in China: A national cross-sectional study

“…Congenital TORCH infection remains an issue that must not be neglected in China. However, the current research focuses more on the general serologic screening of TORCH in women of childbearing age [7,[16][17][18]. The epidemiology and economic burden of hospitalized children due to congenital TORCH infections have not been described in detail, and few therapeutic options are available to manage these infections.…”

“…The introduction of routine maternal screening for TORCH in China has substantially reduced the overall burden of infection during pregnancy and substantially reduced adverse neonatal outcomes [ 16 ]. However, congenital TORCH infections still cause substantial morbidity.…”