Serologic evaluation, efficacy, and safety of a commercial modified-live canine distemper vaccine in domestic ferrets

Wimsatt, Jeffrey; Jay, Michele T.; Innes, Kim E.; Jessen, Michael T.; Collins, James K.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.736

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Detection of modified-live vaccine DNA by PCR has been reported from bursa of Fabricius tissue of specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks vaccinated with infectious bursal disease virus, 1 tissues from sheep vaccinated with the Bartha vaccine strain of Aujeszky disease virus, 9 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of dogs and domestic ferrets vaccinated against canine distemper virus. 20,23 On the other hand, attempts to detect vaccine strains by PCR in feces of healthy dogs vaccinated with modified-live canine coronavirus strains were unsuccessful. 15 Kawashima et al 10 were able to detect a vaccine strain of measles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 6 patients with autoimmune hepatitis but in only 1 of 12 healthy control patients, leading these authors to conclude that host immune status likely plays a role in the persistence of vaccine strains in peripheral blood leucocytes or organ tissues.…”

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confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Molecular Detection of Vaccine-Derived Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 in Blood and Nasal Secretions from Horses Following Intramuscular Vaccination

et al. 2007

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Abstract. The objective of this study was to investigate whether intramuscular vaccination of healthy adult horses with a killed or a modified live equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) vaccine could induce transient positive PCR results in either blood or secretions collected on a nasopharyngeal swab. Four horses in each group received either a single killed or a modified-live vaccine intramuscularly. Two local commingled and 2 distant nonvaccinated controls were included for each group. All horses were observed daily for evidence of clinical abnormalities throughout the study periods. Blood and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected twice before vaccination and once weekly for 4 weeks after vaccination and submitted for PCR testing for EHV-1 by 2 independent laboratories using different real-time PCR methodologies. Serum samples collected from all horses on the vaccination day and 21 days later were tested for antibodies against EHV-1 using a serum neutralization test. Whereas the 2 vaccine strains tested positive in both EHV-1 PCR assays, nasopharyngeal swabs and whole blood collected from vaccinated and control horses had negative PCR test results for EHV-1 during the entire study period. Serum neutralization testing revealed a 2-to 4-fold increase in titers for all vaccinated horses, whereas titers in control horses were largely unchanged. The use of seropositive horses before immunization and the sampling frequency of 7 days may have prevented the occasional molecular detection of the vaccine virus in whole blood and nasopharyngeal secretions. However, the study results demonstrate that detection of EHV-1 DNA by PCR in vaccinated and unvaccinated healthy horses is not a common event.

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confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Molecular Detection of Vaccine-Derived Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 in Blood and Nasal Secretions from Horses Following Intramuscular Vaccination

et al. 2007

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“…Therefore, booster inoculations as recommended in domestic ferrets appear prudent in meerkats to achieve higher titers. 12 The reason for the greater titers after the 3-wk booster vaccinations in the three of the five previously unvaccinated meerkats is not known. Fennec foxes appear to develop much greater antibody titers than meerkats do, but all five fennec foxes and all but one of five remaining meerkats sampled at 1 yr still maintained antibody titers that appear to be in the range considered protective against CDV disease (Ն12) for raccoons (Procyon lotor).…”

Section: Brief Communicationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…6 Canarypox-vectored vaccines developed for use in the domestic canine express the fusion (F) and hemagglutinin (H) glycoproteins of CDV on the host cell membranes and have proven effective in challenge studies. 7,11,12 The recombinant, live, canarypox-vectored CDV vaccine approved for use in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) has been used off-label in zoological species, where it appears to be effective in eliciting an antibody response. 6,7,11,12 The purpose of this limited study was to determine whether 1) fennec foxes and meerkats would respond to this live, canarypox-vectored CDV vaccine by producing neutralizing CDV antibodies regardless of previous vaccination history, 2) they would maintain the response for at least a year, and 3) there was a concurrent measurable cellular immune response after vaccination.…”

Section: Brief Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serologic Responses After Vaccination of Fennec Foxes (Vulpes Zerda) and Meerkats (Suricata Suricatta) With a Live, Canarypox-Vectored Canine Distemper Virus Vaccine

Coke¹,

Backues²,

Hoover³

et al. 2005

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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Fennec foxes (Vulpes zerda) and meerkats (Suricata suricatta) are considered to be susceptible to canine distemper virus (CDV) infection. Although no definitive clinical cases of natural CDV infections have been reported, mortalities due to CDV have been suspected and are reported in other closely related species. A commercially available monovalent, live, canarypox-vectored CDV vaccine induced neutralizing antibody titers that were maintained for at least a year in both fennec foxes and meerkats.

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“…This multisystem disease is virtually 100% fatal and necessitates immunoprophylaxis (Wimsatt et al 2001). Ferrets are also highly susceptible to human influenza viruses, as described above (see Ferrets as Animal Models in Research).…”

Section: Common Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The safety and efficacy of commercial modified live canine distemper vaccines have been studied (Wimsatt et al 2001). Although only a few vaccines are available, it is advisable to use only those that are licensed and approved for use in ferrets (Greenacre 2003).…”

Section: Health Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Issues to Consider for Preparing Ferrets as Research Subjects in the Laboratory

Ball¹

2006

ILAR Journal

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The domestic or European ferret (Mustela putorius furo) has been domesticated for thousands of years. Ferrets have been used for hunting and fur production, as pets, and as models in biomedical research. Despite the relatively small numbers used in the laboratory, ferrets have some unique applications including study of human influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated corona virus. They have served as models for peptic ulcer disease, carotenoid metabolism, cystic fibrosis, and drug emesis screening, among others. Most research ferrets are males, due to estrus-related health problems in females. They may be housed conventionally and are easy to care for when their biology and behavior are understood. Due to the small number of ferret suppliers, animals are often shipped long distances, requiring air transport and intermediate handlers. It is important to minimize shipment stress, especially with weanling and pregnant animals. Additional expertise is required for success with pregnant and whelping ferrets and for rearing of neonates. The animals have specific dietary requirements, and proper nutrition is key. Successful housing requires knowledge of ferret behaviors including social behavior, eating habits, a general inquisitive nature, and a species-typical need to burrow and hide. Regular handling is necessary to maintain well-being. A ferret health care program consists of physical examination, immunization, clinical pathology, and a working knowledge of common ferret diseases. Various research methodologies have been described, from basic procedures such as blood collection to major invasive survival surgery. Ferrets have a distinct niche in biomedical research and are hardy animals that thrive well in the laboratory.

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Serologic evaluation, efficacy, and safety of a commercial modified-live canine distemper vaccine in domestic ferrets

Abstract: Findings suggest that the vaccine when given SC to domestic ferrets as directed is safe and protective against challenge exposure with virulent CDV. The RT-PCR assay may simplify detection of CDV in fresh and fixed tissues.

Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

Investigation of the Molecular Detection of Vaccine-Derived Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 in Blood and Nasal Secretions from Horses Following Intramuscular Vaccination

Investigation of the Molecular Detection of Vaccine-Derived Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 in Blood and Nasal Secretions from Horses Following Intramuscular Vaccination

Serologic Responses After Vaccination of Fennec Foxes (Vulpes Zerda) and Meerkats (Suricata Suricatta) With a Live, Canarypox-Vectored Canine Distemper Virus Vaccine

Issues to Consider for Preparing Ferrets as Research Subjects in the Laboratory

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