Serologic Evidence for Fecal–Oral Transmission of Helicobacter pylori

Bui, David; Brown, Heidi E.; Harris, Robin B.; Oren, Eyal

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.15-0297

Cited by 61 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Concordant serologic results for H. pylori were found among 69.8% of participants. The results of this study support the fecal–oral pathway hypothesis of H. pylori spread …”

Section: Transmission and Risk Factorssupporting

confidence: 85%

Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection

2016

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This review of recent publications related to the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori highlights the origin of the infection, its changing prevalence, transmission, and outcome. A number of studies have addressed the ancestor roots of the bacteria, and the first genomewide analysis of bacterial strains suggests that its coexistence with humans is more ancient than previously thought. As opposed to the generally declining prevalence of H. pylori (including China and Japan), in Sweden, the prevalence of atrophic gastritis in the young population has risen. The prevalence of the infection remains high in the indigenous populations of the Arctic regions, and reinfection rates are high. A high prevalence is permanently found in the Siberian regions of Russia as well. Several studies, some of which used multiplex serology, addressed prevalence of and risks associated with various H. pylori serotypes, thereby enabling more precise risk assessment. Transmission of H. pylori was discussed, specifically fecal-oral transmission and the use of well-water and other unpurified water. Finally, the long-term course of H. pylori infection was considered, with an estimated 89% of noncardia gastric cancer cases being attributable to the infection.

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“…Concordant serologic results for H. pylori were found among 69.8% of participants. The results of this study support the fecal–oral pathway hypothesis of H. pylori spread …”

Section: Transmission and Risk Factorssupporting

confidence: 85%

Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection

2016

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“…Evidence favoring the faeco‐oral route came from a study comparing serology for hepatitis A virus (HAV) and H. pylori that found the adjusted odds of H. pylori seropositivity to be over two times higher after adjusting for confounders suggesting that H. pylori is transmitted in the same way as HAV infection …”

Section: Reservoirs Of H Pylori and Its Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection

2017

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The study of Helicobacter pylori genetic variability brought us interesting data on the history of mankind. Based on multilocus sequence typing and more recently on whole-genome sequencing, paleomicrobiology still attracts the attention of global researchers in relation to its ancestor roots and coexistence with humans. Three studies determining the prevalence of virulence factors illustrates the controversial results obtained since 30 years by studies trying to associate prevalence of different virulence markers and clinical outcomes of H. pylori infection. Three articles analyzed the prevalence and risk of multiple (genetically distinct isolates) and mixed (susceptible and resistant isolates) infections. A number of studies confirm that H. pylori prevalence is falling worldwide especially in the developed world and in children but that the level of infection is higher in certain ethnic minorities and in Migrants. There is little new in identifying the mode of H. pylori transmission though intrafamilial spread appears to be important. There have, however, been some interesting papers on the presence of the organism in food, water, and the oral cavity.

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“…Helicobacter pylori is a gram‐negative bacterium that resides in the gastric mucosa of humans . The presence of H pylori in the human stomach suggests ingestion as the port of entry to the human body, but the exact route of infection has been debated by researchers around the world to be oral‐oral, gastro‐oral, and/or fecal‐oral …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First nationwide seroepidemiology and risk factors report of Helicobater pylori in Jordan

Obaidat

Roess

2019

Helicobacter

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Background and Aim Helicobacter pylori inhabits the gastric mucosa of humans and causes 89% of all gastric cancers. This is the first study of the seroprevalence, spatial distribution, and risk factors for H pylori in Jordan. Materials and Methods This is a cross‐sectional study of 460 healthy participants (aged between 15 and 81 years) proportionately sampled across each region of Jordan. Sera samples were tested for H pylori using Enzygnost® anti‐H pylori immunoglobulin G enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Participants completed a validated questionnaire about potential risk factors including food consumption habits and environmental and animal exposure. Multivariate generalized linear models identified risk factors for infection. Results The results showed a high seroprevalence (88.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 85.3‐91.2) of H pylori in the study population. After adjusting for possible confounders, age, consumption of raw milk, and location of residence were significantly associated with seropositivity. Older participants aged 30‐49 years had an 11% greater risk of seropositivity compared to participants aged 15‐29 years. Participants who consume raw milk and dairy products have a 9% decreased risk in seropositivity (prevalence ratio = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.84‐0.99) compared to those who do not consume these products. Conclusion This study reports a negative association between consumption of raw milk and seropositivity, and this is in line with several studies that report consumption of raw milk may be protective against H pylori. However, because of the risk of other serious pathogens associated with the consumption of raw dairy products, this study recommends pasteurization of raw milk. Future studies on the effect of fermented dairy products on H pylori colorization in gastric mucosa are recommended.

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Serologic Evidence for Fecal–Oral Transmission of Helicobacter pylori

Cited by 61 publications

References 34 publications

Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection

Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection

Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection

First nationwide seroepidemiology and risk factors report of Helicobater pylori in Jordan

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