Serologic Survey of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Antibodies in Free‐ranging Wild Hogs <i>(Sus scrofa)</i> from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and From Sites in South Carolina

Diderrich, Vina; Im, Piljae; Noblet, Gayle Pittman; Patton, Sharon

doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1996.tb05038.x

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, as the seroprevalence was shown stable over sampling years that are further apart than the life-expectancy of wild boar, such an effect is unlikely here, and therefore the use of compartmental infection models that inherently assume a constant infection pressure is appropriate. Observations inconsistent with lifelong persistence have been reported previously: Several authors report that no statistically significant effect of age on seroprevalence of T. gondii in wild boar was observed [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], whereas only one study did find a significantly higher prevalence in adult wild boar [2]. In addition, tissue cysts were detected by mouse bioassay in the heart of only 50% of 20 seropositive (MAT titer ≥1∶24) wild boar in France [17], and although paired results per wild boar are not presented, the prevalence of T. gondii by bioassay (2%) was much lower than by Sabin Feldman Dye test (15%) in a Czech study [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Age-Related Toxoplasma gondii Seroprevalence in Dutch Wild Boar Inconsistent with Lifelong Persistence of Antibodies

et al. 2011

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Toxoplasma gondii is an important zoonotic pathogen that is best known as a cause of abortion or abnormalities in the newborn after primary infection during pregnancy. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of T. gondii in wild boar to investigate the possible role of their meat in human infection and to get an indication of the environmental contamination with T. gondii. The presence of anti-T. gondii antibodies was determined by in-house ELISA in 509 wild boar shot in 2002/2003 and 464 wild boar shot in 2007. Most of the boar originated from the “Roerstreek” (n = 673) or the “Veluwe” (n = 241). A binormal mixture model was fitted to the log-transformed optical density values for wild boar up to 20 months old to estimate the optimal cut-off value (−0.685) and accompanying sensitivity (90.6%) and specificity (93.6%). The overall seroprevalence was estimated at 24.4% (95% CI: 21.1–27.7%). The prevalence did not show variation between sampling years or regions, indicating a stable and homogeneous infection pressure from the environment. The relation between age and seroprevalence was studied in two stages. Firstly, seroprevalence by age group was determined by fitting the binary mixture model to 200 animals per age category. The prevalence showed a steep increase until approximately 10 months of age but stabilized at approximately 35% thereafter. Secondly, we fitted the age-dependent seroprevalence data to several SIR-type models, with seropositives as infected (I) and seronegatives as either susceptible (S) or resistant (R). A model with a recovery rate (SIS) was superior to a model without a recovery rate (SI). This finding is not consistent with the traditional view of lifelong persistence of T. gondii infections. The high seroprevalence suggests that eating undercooked wild boar meat may pose a risk of infection with T. gondii.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Age-Related Toxoplasma gondii Seroprevalence in Dutch Wild Boar Inconsistent with Lifelong Persistence of Antibodies

et al. 2011

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“…They also concur with the results obtained by Opsteegh et al [15] showing an absence of a significant effect of temporal or regional variations on seroprevalence, which could indicate a stable and homogeneous infection pressure from the environment. Several Authors, however, did not observe a statistically significant effect of age on seroprevalence of T. gondii in wild boar [7, 21], and Opsteegh et al [15] found that the mean age of the animals showed a step-increase in seroprevalence up to 10 months, but a stable situation thereafter. These observations seem to be inconsistent with a lifelong persistence of immunity against T. gondii in wild boars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiin wild boars (Sus scrofa) from Central Italy

et al. 2013

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Wild and farmed game meat consumption has been highlighted as an emerging risk factor for Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans. In Central Italy wild boar is widely distributed and is also one of the most popular game species. The main goal of the present study was to estimate the seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies through a serological survey conducted on 400 hunted wild boars (250 males and 150 females) during three subsequent hunting seasons (2009–2011), using an Immunofluorescence Antibody Assay. The animals were sorted by age, determined on the evaluation of the dental table; 101 were <1 year old, 175 from 1 to 3 years, and 124 > 3 years. Antibodies against T. gondii were detected in 56 (14%) serum samples with titers ranging from 40 to ≥160; a significant association (p < 0.05) was found between seropositivity and age, but not gender, hunting districts, or year of sampling.

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“…Results are not always comparable since the conditions, including methods and serological thresholds, may be different for each study. Nevertheless, the MAT has been used by a considerable number of authors in Europe (Gauss et al 2005;RuizFons et al 2006;Richomme et al 2009) and other continents (Diderrich et al 1996;Dubey et al 1997;Fornazari et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High seroprevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in wild animals from Portugal

et al. 2010

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We report an investigation of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in 52 wild birds and 20 wild mammals from northern and central areas of Portugal by using the modified agglutination test. The birds comprised 26 common buzzards (Buteo buteo), five tawny owls (Strix aluco), four white storks (Ceconia ceconia), three Eurasian eagle owls (Bubo bubo), three northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis), two booted eagles (Hieraaetus pennatus), two common barn owls (Tyto alba), two Eurasian sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus), two short-toed eagles (Circaetus gallicus), one black kite (Milvus migrans), one Griffin vulture (Gyps fulvus), and one peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). The mammals were eight wild boars (Sus scrofa), six red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), two common genets (Genetta genetta), two European badgers (Meles meles), one European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and one Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus). Fifty percent of the wild birds and 90% of the wild mammals were seropositive; the overall seroprevalence of infection was 61.1%. When comparing the prevalence of antibodies in birds and mammals from northern Portugal, a significant difference was found, but the same was not true for birds and mammals from central Portugal. Seroprevalence levels were 30.0% in juvenile and 62.5% in adult birds (p=0.046), 0.0% in juvenile and 94.7% in adult mammals (p=0.100), 80.0% in female and 66.7% in male birds (p=1.000), and 81.8% in female and 100% in male mammals (p=0.479). This is the first study performed on T. gondii in birds of prey, white storks, and wild carnivores in Portugal.

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Serologic Survey of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Free‐ranging Wild Hogs (Sus scrofa) from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and From Sites in South Carolina

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

Age-Related Toxoplasma gondii Seroprevalence in Dutch Wild Boar Inconsistent with Lifelong Persistence of Antibodies

Age-Related Toxoplasma gondii Seroprevalence in Dutch Wild Boar Inconsistent with Lifelong Persistence of Antibodies

Seroprevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiin wild boars (Sus scrofa) from Central Italy

High seroprevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in wild animals from Portugal

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