Serological detection and genetic characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus from cattle in northern sudan, 2016‑2018

Ahmed, Noon Babiker Mohammed; Osman, Nussieba A.; Alfouz, Wefag; Saeed, Haitham; Yazeed, A; Raouf,

doi:10.1016/j.vas.2021.100188

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Also, positive and negative serum and milk samples were used for rapid test GNPS-LFT validation as shown in Table 3 and Fig. 2 and this result is in agreement with ( 38 ). Detection of FMDV antigen and/or antibody in serum and milk samples collected from naturally infected animals during the FMD outbreak) by GNPT-LFT compared to different assays (IC, SAT-SPA, and 3ABC-ELISA) revealed that the GNPs-LFT gave nearly the same results as the assays, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…GNPs-LFT serves as an alternative means of sample testing and helps in the implementation of appropriate control measures. However, with the introduction of FMDV of different serotypes to different regions, future efforts will focus on the failure of the GNPs-LFT for detection of FMDV in nearly 15%–20% of ELISA positive samples, and this observation is agreed with ( 36 – 38 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Development of gold nanoparticles-lateral flow test as a novel field diagnostic assay for detecting foot-and-mouth disease and lumpy skin disease viruses

Abdalhamed¹,

Naser²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2022

IJM

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Background and Objectives: Rapid diagnosis is a cornerstone for controlling and preventing viral disease outbreaks. The present study is aimed to develop a rapid field diagnostic test based on gold nanoparticles for the detection of lumpy skin diseases (LSD), and foot and mouth diseases (FMD) in animals with high sensitivity and specificity. Materials and Methods: FMD and LSD vaccines were used as a source of viruses' antigens for preparing monoclonal anti- bodies and conjugated with gold nanoparticles that characterized using various techniques such as UV-visible spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for each serotype produced in experimental rats and used to capture antibodies for FMDV and /or LSDV. ELISA was used to screen 469 milk samples and 1165 serum samples from naturally infected cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats for validation of the lateral flow test (LFT). LSDV DNA was extracted from 117 blood and skin biopsy samples collected from naturally infected cattle during the 2019 outbreak. Results: The specificity and sensitivity of GNP-LFT were evaluated and compared to Ag-ELISA, Western blot tests (WB), and PCR. A total of 95 FMDV positives out of 469 (20.25%) milk samples and 268 FMDV positives out of 1165 (23.3%) serum samples from natural infected cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats examined by ELISA to valid GNPS-LFT Viral LSDV DNA was detected in 60/117 (51.5%) and 31/60 (52.9%). While the GNPS-LFT assay results were 49/117 (41.9%) and 29/60 (48.3%) blood and skin biopsy samples, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the GNP-LFT test were 72% and 82%, respectively. All vesicular fluid and epithelium samples collected from infected animals were identified as positive by the GNP- LFT and Ag-ELISA. Ag-ELISA, on the other hand, was 90% and 100%. While the developed GNP- LFT used LSDV polyclonal antibodies were similar to ELISA and IgG-WB with a sensitivity of 72.8% and a specificity of 88.8%, respectively. Conclusion: The GNPS-LFT is a novel immunoassay based on mono or polyclonal antibodies conjugated with gold nanopar- ticles that provides an accurate, rapid, specific, and sensitive tool for field rapid diagnosis of FMDV and LSDV.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Development of gold nanoparticles-lateral flow test as a novel field diagnostic assay for detecting foot-and-mouth disease and lumpy skin disease viruses

Abdalhamed¹,

Naser²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2022

IJM

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“…In our study, only serotype O, EA-3 topotype was detected using serotype-specific primers. Serotype O is the most prevalent serotype worldwide [ 30 ], alone or with other serotypes, and is responsible for several outbreaks in Egypt [ 18 , 42 , 59 ] and other countries, such as Argentina [ 60 ], Sri Lanka [ 61 ], India [ 62 ] and neighboring countries as Palestine, Libya [ 3 , 18 , 63 ] and Sudan [ 59 , 64 ]. Isolation of FMDV serotype O, EA-3 topotype from Egyptian farms during this FMDV outbreak, however controlling this serotype (O) and serotype A by vaccination in Egypt [ 44 ], indicating that the FMDV constitutes an endemic severe health problem for the livestock industry in Egypt [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increased virulence strains among cattle and buffalo in Egypt could be attributed to the introduction of new viral strains through uncontrolled transboundary movements of animals [ 18 , 64 , 77 ]. The sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of older isolates and vaccinal strains in separate clusters and subclades far away from the present isolate and recently isolated reference strain, which was grouped in one cluster.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological and genetic characterization of foot and mouth disease viruses collected from cattle and water buffalo in Egypt

Abd-Ellatieff,

Hegazy,

AbouRawash

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious viral disease caused by FMD virus (FMDV) that threatens Egypt’s livestock industry. FMDV causes severe economic losses in the livestock, with restriction of international trade from endemic regions. Surveillance for FMDV serotypes circulating in Egypt is urgently needed to assess the epidemiological situation in the country. FMD outbreaks reported in Egypt in between December 2016 and January-March 2017. A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the FMDV serotypes responsible for the outbreaks and to collect information on the virus’s morphopathological effects. Postmortem tissue and clinical samples (oral swabs, vesicular fluids from ruptured vesicles, and blood) were collected from recently deceased and infected animals. Pathological examination revealed classical FMD lesions as vesicular and erosive lesions on epithelial tissues with non-suppurative lymphoplasmacytic myocarditis. Phylogenetic and sequencing analyses demonstrated that FMDV serotype O, EA-3 topotype, VP1 is the prevalent serotype responsible for the pathological alterations and the high mortality in young calves, adult cattle, and water buffalo. The outcomes indicate continuous mutations in the circulating FMDV, which result in the occasional failure of vaccination. Based on these findings, extensive continuous monitoring and serotyping of the existing circulating FMDV isolates and regular vaccination with reevaluation of the currently used vaccine in Egypt are recommended to prevent the recurrence of such outbreaks.

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“…In general, the genetic diversity of ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses such as FMDV results from the error-prone replication process of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), large population diversity, and high replication rate [16] as well as recombination [17][18][19][20]. RNA viruses such as FMDV, without the involvement of any external driving force, use positive selection mechanisms termed broadly diversifying selection.…”

Section: The Causes Of Fmd Virus Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Dynamics of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in the Horn of Africa: The Role of Virus Diversity and Animal Movement

Woldemariyam

Kariuki

Kamau

et al. 2023

Viruses

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The Horn of Africa is a large area of arid and semi-arid land, holding about 10% of the global and 40% of the entire African livestock population. The region’s livestock production system is mainly extensive and pastoralist. It faces countless problems, such as a shortage of pastures and watering points, poor access to veterinary services, and multiple endemic diseases like foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Foot-and-mouth disease is one of the most economically important livestock diseases worldwide and is endemic in most developing countries. Within Africa, five of the seven serotypes of the FMD virus (FMDV) are described, but serotype C is not circulating anymore, a burden unseen anywhere in the world. The enormous genetic diversity of FMDV is favored by an error-prone RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, intra-typic and inter-typic recombination, as well as the quasi-species nature of the virus. This paper describes the epidemiological dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease in the Horn of Africa with regard to the serotypes and topotypes distribution of FMDV, the livestock production systems practiced, animal movement, the role of wildlife, and the epidemiological complexity of FMD. Within this review, outbreak investigation data and serological studies confirm the endemicity of the disease in the Horn of Africa. Multiple topotypes of FMDV are described in the literature as circulating in the region, with further evolution of virus diversity predicted. A large susceptible livestock population and the presence of wild ungulates are described as complicating the epidemiology of the disease. Further, the husbandry practices and legal and illegal trading of livestock and their products, coupled with poor biosecurity practices, are also reported to impact the spread of FMDV within and between countries in the region. The porosity of borders for pastoralist herders fuels the unregulated transboundary livestock trade. There are no systematic control strategies in the region except for sporadic vaccination with locally produced vaccines, while literature indicates that effective control measures should also consider virus diversity, livestock movements/biosecurity, transboundary trade, and the reduction of contact with wild, susceptible ungulates.

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Serological detection and genetic characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus from cattle in northern sudan, 2016‑2018

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Development of gold nanoparticles-lateral flow test as a novel field diagnostic assay for detecting foot-and-mouth disease and lumpy skin disease viruses

Development of gold nanoparticles-lateral flow test as a novel field diagnostic assay for detecting foot-and-mouth disease and lumpy skin disease viruses

Pathological and genetic characterization of foot and mouth disease viruses collected from cattle and water buffalo in Egypt

Epidemiological Dynamics of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in the Horn of Africa: The Role of Virus Diversity and Animal Movement

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