Serological detection and risk factors for equine piroplasmosis in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil

Souza, Eline Almeida Rodrigues de; Araujo, Andreina de Carvalho; Pires, Larissa C.S.R.; Freschi, Carla Roberta; Azevêdo, Sérgio Santos de; Machado, Rosangela Zacarias; Horta, Maurício Cláudio

doi:10.1590/s1984-29612019088

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…In other countries, seroprevalence of T. equi in horses have been various from 78.8% to 0.0% depending on its infection and sanitation status. Sudan has the highest seroprevalence at 78.8%, followed by Mongolia (72.8%), Brazil (34.8%), and China (3.8%) (Boldbaatar et al, 2005;Elata et al, 2020;Li et al, 2019;Souza et al, 2019;Xuan et al, 2002). In Japan, no T. equi antibody-positive cases were found (Huang et al, 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The seroprevalence ofB. caballi was the highest in Mongolia at 40.1%, followed by Brazil (27.2%), China (20.1%), Japan (7%), and Sudan (5.1%) (Boldbaatar et al, 2005;Elata et al, 2020;Li et al, 2019;Souza et al, 2019;Xuan et al, 2002). To sustain "EP-free" status in ROK, a thorough border quarantine inspection should be conducted continuously and the monitoring of domesticated horses of EP should be performed consecutively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne protozoal disease in which horses, mules, donkeys, and zebras are infected with the blood apicomplexans, Babesia caballi or Theileria equi from blood-sucking ticks (Onyiche et al, 2019;Ozubek & Aktas, 2018;Souza et al, 2019;Wise, Kappmeyer, Mealey, & Knowles, 2013). EP is not a fatal disease, but it causes serious economic damage and an important obstacle to international trade as major diseases designated by World Organization for Animal Health (Ozubek & Aktas, 2018;Seo et al, 2013;Seo et al, 2011;Short et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular and serological surveillance of equine piroplasmosis in the Republic of Korea between 2016 and 2017

Seo¹,

Kim²,

Lee³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Equine piroplasmosis (EP), a tick-borne disease affecting horses, is caused by Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. We investigate antigen and antibody of EP in whole bloods and sera of horses in the Republic of Korea during 2016-2017. We collected 1,650 whole bloods and sera of horses in 16 regions and 222 farms to examine antigen and antibody of EP by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of 18S rRNA gene and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. T. equi antigen and antibody was detected in 1 of 1,650 samples (0.06%). Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA revealed that T. equi was highly homologous with the strains from China, Mongolia, or Spain. At EP-positive ranch, 52 and 10 ticks were collected in 2016 and 2017, respectively. All of them were identified as Haemaphysalis longicornis, but EP pathogens were not detected from the collected ticks. From 1,650 whole bloods, 2 of Theileria spp. were also detected and highly homologous with T. buffeli, T. luwehshuni, and T. orientalis group. EP infectious status was very low in Korea, and routine surveillance should be needed to attain the free status of EP in Korea.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular and serological surveillance of equine piroplasmosis in the Republic of Korea between 2016 and 2017

Seo¹,

Kim²,

Lee³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Globally, the equine industry suffers from a tick-borne protozoan parasite named Theileria equi (T. equi). This parasite has endemicity in tropical, subtropical and some temperate zones of the globe (Ozubek & Aktas, 2018;Souza et al, 2019). Several tick vectors can transmit T. equi, the most vectors are those belonging to genera Dermacentor, Boophilus, Rhipicephalus, and Hyalomma whose distribution have a direct relation to the prevalence of T. equi (Bhagwan et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the efficacy of three diagnostic tools (microscopic examination, conventional PCR, and Real-Time PCR) in detecting Theileria equi infection among Egyptian equines

Soliman¹,

Amer²,

Memon³

2021

Preprint

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Equine theileriosis represents one of the main and serious health problems affecting equines industry globally, that is caused by tick-borne protozoan parasite called T. equi. This study aimed to assess the sensitivity of three diagnostic tools named: microscopic examination of a blood smear, conventional PCR, and Real-Time PCR (qPCR) to detect T. equi among equine population (n = 116) raised in Giza Governorate, Egypt. Microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears revealed the infection of 16.4% (19/116) of examined equines by T. equi while conventional PCR and qPCR revealed that 29.3% (34/116) and 43.1% (50/116) of examined equines were infected with T. equi respectively. Our results demonstrated that the qPCR had the highest sensitivity (100%) followed by conventional PCR (68%) while microscopic examination had the lowest sensitivity (38%). Furthermore, the negative predictive value (NPV) of qPCR was the highest (100%) compared to conventional PCR and microscopical examination (80.49% and 68.04% respectively) which revealed that all negative cases detected by qPCR were certainly correct compared to the other two diagnostic assays. Therefore, it is highly recommended to incorporate PCR diagnostic assays (conventional PCR and qPCR) alongside microscopic examination to evaluate the epidemiological status of equine theileriosis.

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“…Dermacentor nitens has been reported as one of the most common tick species infesting horses in all major Brazilian biomes, i.e., Amazon (Labruna et al, 2005), Atlantic forest (Falce et al, 1983;Labruna et al, 2001;Peckle et al, 2013), Cerrado (savannah) (Labruna et al, 2001;Szabó et al, 2018), Pantanal (wetlands) (Campos et al, 2019), and semiarid Caatinga (Souza et al, 2019). Within these regions, D. nitens has great veterinary importance as it is a vector of Babesia caballi, the agent of equine babesiosis (Kerber et al, 2009) and as high tick burdens can induce anemia (Labruna et al, 2002) and even death (Souza & Serra-Freire, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nonparasitic phase of Dermacentor nitens under field conditions in southeastern Brazil

Labruna

Faccini

2020

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Dermacentor nitens is a one-host tick that uses domestic equids as main hosts. Herein, the nonparasitic phase of D. nitens was evaluated under field conditions in Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Southeastern Brazil. By exposing engorged females of D. nitens to field conditions (grass plots) for 24 consecutive months, this tick species was able to complete its nonparasitic phase by producing host-seeking larvae in the pasture throughout the year. Preoviposition and egg incubation periods were longer during autumn and winter months than during the other months. The number of larvae generated by engorged females was in most of the times lower during autumn and winter months, as demonstrated by lower egg hatching values. Such conditions could be linked to lower mean temperatures and rainfall. Larvae with the longest longevity hatched from the eggs with the shortest incubation periods. An apparent synchronism of larval hatching during spring was observed from the eggs laid by females during late winter and autumn, which is consistent with the phenomenon of “spring rise”. The results indicate that D. nitens can complete up to five generations per year in southeastern Brazil, providing baseline data to develop future protocols for the appropriate control of D. nitens on horses.

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Serological detection and risk factors for equine piroplasmosis in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

Molecular and serological surveillance of equine piroplasmosis in the Republic of Korea between 2016 and 2017

Molecular and serological surveillance of equine piroplasmosis in the Republic of Korea between 2016 and 2017

Comparing the efficacy of three diagnostic tools (microscopic examination, conventional PCR, and Real-Time PCR) in detecting Theileria equi infection among Egyptian equines

The nonparasitic phase of Dermacentor nitens under field conditions in southeastern Brazil

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