Serological diagnosis of botulism in dairy cattle

Dc, Main; Ar, Gregory

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1996.tb09973.x

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…(v) Samples from 26 cows on a farm in the SW where unexplained deaths in a milking herd were attributed to botulism (Main and Gregory 1996). In this case the diagnosis was based on the history and clinical findings, exclusion of other causes of death, and the cessation of deaths after vaccination (SW-F).…”

Section: Standardisation and Evaluation Of The Elisamentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of enzyme‐linked immunoassays for antibody to types C and D botulinum toxins for investigations of botulism in cattle

Gregory

Ellis

Jubb³

et al. 1996

Aust Veterinary J

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The development of specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for antibody to types C and D Clostridium botulinum toxins for investigation of botulism in cattle is described. Partially purified type C and D toxins were used as antigens to develop these ELISAs. Specificity of the ELISAs was evaluated on sera from 333 adult beef and dairy cattle from areas with no history or evidence of botulism in animals or water birds. The test was also evaluated on sera from 41 herds that included herds vaccinated against botulism, confirmed botulism cases and herds from areas where the disease is considered endemic. The ELISAs detected the presence of antibody to botulinum toxins in samples from vaccinated cattle and both convalescent and clinically normal animals from unvaccinated herds with outbreaks of botulism. Antibody was also found in unvaccinated animals from herds in which there had been no diagnosed botulism cases in areas where botulism was considered endemic. Sera from some unvaccinated cattle with high ELISA reactivity was shown to be protective for mice in botulinum toxin neutralisation tests. The use of these tests in investigations of botulism in cattle is discussed.

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Section: Standardisation and Evaluation Of The Elisamentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of enzyme‐linked immunoassays for antibody to types C and D botulinum toxins for investigations of botulism in cattle

Gregory

Ellis

Jubb³

et al. 1996

Aust Veterinary J

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“…Only 30% of clinically affected mature horses tested positive by C. botulinum culture, based on collection of 3 faecal samples/day, on 3 consecutive days (Whitlock and McAdams 2006). Finally, serum antibodies have been detected in affected cattle, but this test is not routinely available for horses (Main and Gregory 1996).…”

Section: Definitive Diagnosis: Laboratory Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine botulism: A clinical approach to diagnosis and management

Stratford

Mayhew

Hudson

2014

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Botulism is a syndrome of neuromuscular weakness caused by the toxins of Clostridium botulinum. Whilst it can affect most mammals, the horse appears to be one of the more susceptible species. Intoxication can occur via ingestion of preformed toxins in spoiled foodstuffs, ingestion of spores with colonisation in the intestinal tract or the contamination of wounds by C. botulinum. Food‐borne botulism is the most common worldwide, usually associated with spoiled roughage. Both individual cases and outbreaks have been reported, with generally a poor prognosis. Many affected horses succumb to recumbency and death/euthanasia shortly after onset of signs. Botulism should be considered a differential diagnosis for any horse displaying dysphagia or symmetrical neuromuscular weakness.

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“…Using ELISA, an antibody response to BoNT was described in two cases of infant botulism as early as 25 years ago (30). Since then, ELISA systems have been used for diagnosis of botulism in various species, including wild birds (28), cattle (17,22), and recently a dog (4). ELISA systems, which offer greater flexibility and economy than other immunoassay techniques, were also used for the evaluation of the immune response to various botulinum vaccines in mice (21), primates (19), humans (32), and cattle (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protection against tetanus can be evaluated by determining the antibody titer and correlating it to a cutoff value that is considered protective (8); however, no similar value exists for botulism. Anti-BoNT antibody levels in cattle sera were measured by determining the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) optical density (OD) and used to determine exposure to BoNT/C or BoNT/D (17,22). Gregory and others (13) detected higher ELISA OD values in sera from naturally exposed, unvaccinated cattle that protected mice in a mouse neutralization bioassay, and this value was used later for vaccine evaluation (3).…”

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Quantitative Analysis of Levels of Serum Immunoglobulin G against Botulinum Neurotoxin Type D and Association with Protection in Natural Outbreaks of Cattle Botulism

Steinman

Chaffer

Elad

et al. 2006

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The recent outbreaks of cattle botulism in vaccinated Israeli dairy cattle prompted us to determine vaccine efficacy and reasons for vaccine failure. Analysis of clinical signs, feeding practice, vaccination history, and epidemic curves enabled us to define a study population in two outbreaks, where high doses of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type D (BoNT/D) were evenly consumed by the affected animal groups. Attack rates among unvaccinated 6-to 24-month-old heifers were 96% (55/57) and 85% (53/62). The attack rates in vaccinated parity 1, 2, and >3 cows were 40.4% (21/52), 14.3% (4/28), and 5.6% (3/54), respectively. Vaccine efficacies for these cow groups were 52.5%, 83.2%, and 93.4%, respectively. In younger, unvaccinated 2-to 6-month-old calves, presumably protected by maternal antibodies, the attack rate was 24% (17/71). These differences correlated with significant differences in levels of specific anti-BoNT/D antibody in serum by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ELISA performance for predicting protection was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic analysis and was found to be highly significant, with an area under the curve of 0.941 (standard error, 0.034; 95% confidence interval, 0.875 to 1.008; P < 0.000). No animals with serum ELISA unit levels above 0.33 were affected in these exposed groups. At this cutoff level, the specificity of the ELISA was 100%, sensitivity was 67%, and accuracy was 92%. We concluded that botulinum toxoids can confer adequate protection against natural exposure to lethal doses of BoNT/D; however, the vaccination protocols should be optimized. Our in-house ELISA system will enable us to optimize vaccination protocols in the animal population.

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Serological diagnosis of botulism in dairy cattle

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Use of enzyme‐linked immunoassays for antibody to types C and D botulinum toxins for investigations of botulism in cattle

Use of enzyme‐linked immunoassays for antibody to types C and D botulinum toxins for investigations of botulism in cattle

Equine botulism: A clinical approach to diagnosis and management

Quantitative Analysis of Levels of Serum Immunoglobulin G against Botulinum Neurotoxin Type D and Association with Protection in Natural Outbreaks of Cattle Botulism

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