Serological evidence for eight globally important poultry viruses in Trinidad &amp; Tobago

Jordan, Arianne Brown; Sookhoo, Jamie; Blake, Lemar; Crooks, Paul; Mohammed, Zul; Molawatti-Bisnath, Judy; Carrington, Christine V. F.; Oura, Christopher

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.11.006

Cited by 11 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The results of this study indicate that low levels of NDV antibodies (10%) were present in backyard poultry. This relatively low seroprevalence level in backyard poultry contrasts a recent study carried out in T&T in which up to 80% of unvaccinated layer birds sampled in Trinidad were antibody positive to NDV [ 10 ]. These results suggest that exposure to NDV is lower in backyard poultry compared to commercial layer poultry.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…In this study no antibodies were detected in the sampled backyard birds against AIV. A recent study investigating seroprevalence levels for AIV in domestic layer birds also showed no evidence for circulation of AIV [ 10 ]. Continued surveillance of backyard poultry for the presence of AIV is however important as backyard birds are often in close contact with potentially infected wild birds, especially during the migration season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although less associated with transmission from wild birds, IBV and IBDV are extremely important viruses affecting poultry worldwide, including in the Caribbean. A recent serological study revealed high levels of antibodies to both viruses in layer birds in T&T. Antibody detection levels of close to 100% were reported for both viruses on both islands of Trinidad and Tobago [ 10 ]. The lower prevalence levels for IBV (65%) and IBDV (68%) reported in this study in backyard birds compared to intensively farmed layer birds may again be a result of multiple factors as described above for NDV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Antibodies to Seven Priority Pathogens in Backyard Poultry in Trinidad, West Indies

Jordan

Bolfă

Marchi

et al. 2018

Veterinary Sciences

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Backyard poultry farms in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) play a vital role in providing food and income for rural communities. There is currently no information on the presence and circulation of pathogens in backyard poultry farms in T&T, and little is known in relation to the potential risks of spread of these pathogens to the commercial poultry sector. In order to address this, serum samples were collected from 41 chickens on five backyard farms taken from selected locations in Trinidad. Samples were tested for antibodies to seven priority pathogens of poultry by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibodies were detected in 65% (CI 95%: 50–78%) of the sampled birds for Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), 67.5% (CI 95%: 52–80%) for Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), 10% (CI 95%: 4–23%) for Newcastle disease virus (NDV), 0% (CI 95%: 0–0%) for Avian influenza virus (AIV), 0% (CI 95%: 0–0%) for West Nile virus (WNV), 31.7% (CI 95%: 20–47%) for Mycoplasm gallisepticum/synoviae and 0% (CI 95%: 0–0%) for Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis. These results reveal the presence and circulation of important pathogens of poultry in selected backyard farms in Trinidad. The results provide important information which should be taken into consideration when assessing the risks of pathogen transmission between commercial and backyard poultry farms, as well as between poultry and wild birds.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Antibodies to Seven Priority Pathogens in Backyard Poultry in Trinidad, West Indies

Jordan

Bolfă

Marchi

et al. 2018

Veterinary Sciences

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“…Most of the chickens (n = 66, 82%) had at least 1 helminth species, and 55 (68%) had coinfections with cestodes and nematodes (Figs. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Cestodes were present in 64 chickens (79%), mainly Raillietina echinobothrida followed by R. tetragona and Amoebotaenia cuneata (A. sphenoides), with Choanotaenia sp.…”

Section: Parasitologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections and pathology of free-roaming backyard chickens on St. Kitts, West Indies

et al. 2019

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Free-roaming chickens on Caribbean islands are important sentinels for local avian diseases and those introduced by birds migrating through the Americas. We studied 81 apparently healthy unvaccinated free-roaming chickens from 9 parishes on St. Kitts, an eastern Caribbean island. Using commercial ELISAs, no chickens had antibodies against avian influenza virus, West Nile virus, or Salmonella Enteritidis, although seropositivity was high to infectious bursal disease virus (86%), infectious bronchitis virus (84%), Mycoplasma (37%), and avian avulavirus 1 (Newcastle disease virus, 31%). Examination of small and large intestinal contents revealed cestodes in 79% and nematodes in 75% of the chickens. Although ectoparasites and endoparasites were common (74% and 79%, respectively), only a few chickens had lesions at postmortem examination, mainly intestinal serosal nodules (12%) and feather loss (6%). Histologic examination of 18 organs from each bird revealed lesions in high percentages of organs, mainly the liver (86%), lung (75%), spleen (60%), small intestine (56%), skin (42%), and kidney (40%). Lesions included degenerative, reactive, inflammatory, and neoplastic, and were not correlated with the serologic status of the chickens except in one case of infectious bursal disease. Microscopically, Paratanaisia bragai was seen in the kidneys of 3 chickens and intestinal coccidiasis in 1 chicken. Pulmonary silicate aggregates were common, were present in intestinal serosal nodules, and were suggestive of environmental exposure.

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“…Although outbreaks of FAdV cause significant economic losses to poultry industries globally, there have only been a few isolated reports on the presence of the virus in the Caribbean region. Serological detections have been reported in Cuba, Guyana and Trinidad & Tobago and molecular detection of the virus has been reported in the Dominica Republic (Brown Jordan, Gongora, Hartley, & Oura, 2018;Brown Jordan, Sookhoo, et al, 2018;Schachner, Marek, Grafl, & Hess, 2016). There have however been a number of reports of FAdV being present and causing disease in poultry from the nearby territories of Latin America, including the presence of FAdV-4 (Hafez, 2011;Liu et al, 2016;Mazaheri et al, 1998;Pereira et al, 2014;Rodríguez, Koga, Alvarado, & Tinoco, 2014;Toro et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of four serotypes of fowl adenovirus in clinically affected commercial poultry co‐infected with chicken infectious anaemia virus in Trinidad and Tobago

Jordan

Blake

Bisnath³

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Summary Fowl adenovirus (FAdV), which causes the high‐impact diseases such as inclusion body hepatitis and hepatitis‐hydropericardium syndrome, is of major concern to the poultry industry internationally. This study was carried out in direct response to mortality rates of up to 75% in commercial broiler flocks in Trinidad, West Indies. Symptoms in 3‐ to 8‐week‐old broilers and 13‐ to 18‐week‐old pullets pointed to infection with an immunosuppressive viral pathogen. The objectives of the study were to determine whether the infectious agent FAdV, along with other viral pathogens, was responsible for the clinical disease, and to obtain information on the serotypes of FAdV that were infecting the birds. Tissue samples from clinically affected birds from eight different farms were tested for chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for FAdV by conventional PCR. The birds tested positive for FAdV and CIAV, but negative for IBDV. The gene corresponding to the L1 loop of the hexon protein for FAdV was amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of seven FAdV strains inferred that four serotypes were likely to be circulating in the chickens. Well supported genetic relatedness was observed for serotype 8a (97.8%), 8b (97.8%), 9 (95.8%) and 11 (98.8%–99.5%). This is the first published report from Trinidad and Tobago on the presence and circulation of pathogenic FAdV strains, in combination with CIAV, in poultry. The data demonstrate a possible need for the introduction of serotype‐specific vaccines against FAdV, as well as vaccines against CIAV, in broilers in the region and emphasize the importance of maintaining high levels of biosecurity on farms to prevent the spread of these potentially devastating viruses between farms.

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Serological evidence for eight globally important poultry viruses in Trinidad & Tobago

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Detection of Antibodies to Seven Priority Pathogens in Backyard Poultry in Trinidad, West Indies

Detection of Antibodies to Seven Priority Pathogens in Backyard Poultry in Trinidad, West Indies

Infections and pathology of free-roaming backyard chickens on St. Kitts, West Indies

Identification of four serotypes of fowl adenovirus in clinically affected commercial poultry co‐infected with chicken infectious anaemia virus in Trinidad and Tobago

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