Serological Evidence of Hantavirus Infection in Apparently Healthy People from Rural and Slum Communities in  Southern Chile

Muñoz-Zanzi, Claudia; Saavedra, Farides; Otth, Carola; Domancich, Ljubica; Hott, Melissa; Padula, Paula

doi:10.3390/v7042006

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This fact was not observed in our study, probably due to the rudimentary living conditions, especially during their time in improvised camps, where man and woman could be exposed in their habitations during indoors activities, as reported in works conducted in Brazil and Chile. 19 , 22 , 25 …”

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confidence: 99%

Rodent-borne viruses survey in rural settlers from Central Brazil

Fernandes

Oliveira

Coelho

et al. 2018

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Anthropogenic environmental changes arising from settlement and agriculture include deforestation and replacement of natural vegetation by crops providing opportunities for pathogen spillover from animals to humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of rodent-borne virus infections in seven rural settlements from Midwestern Brazil. Of the 466 individuals tested 12 (2.57%) were reactive for orthohantavirus and 3 (0.64%) for mammarenavirus. These rural settlers lived under unfavorable infrastructure, socioeconomic disadvantages, and unsanitary conditions, representing a risk for rodent-borne infections. Development of public policies towards the improvement of health, sanitation and awareness of rodent-borne diseases in improvised camps and settlements is imperative, in order to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by these diseases.

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confidence: 99%

Rodent-borne viruses survey in rural settlers from Central Brazil

Fernandes

Oliveira

Coelho

et al. 2018

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…Considering that 47.4% of the seropositive participants were housewives, primarily responsible for household tasks, it is possible that the practice of activities that allow the dispersion of aerosols or dust, such as cleaning in the domestic environment, has been the main form of contamination for these women. These activities were reported as risk factors for acquiring the disease (16) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Serological evidence of hantavirus infection in an urban area in Mato Grosso State, Brazil

Vieira

Silva

Barreto

et al. 2016

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction:In Brazil, Mato Grosso (MT) has the highest number of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome cases. Our study aimed to identify anti-hantavirus antibodies in the sera of patients from Sinop, MT, presenting with acute febrile illness. Methods: A retrospective analysis of data for 198 sera samples assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted. Results: Immunoglobulins G (IgGs) against the hantavirus nucleoprotein were found in 13.6% of the tested sera. No sample had immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to hantavirus. Seropositivity occurred mainly in female residents in urban areas who worked around the household. Conclusions: Our findings suggest circulation of hantavirus in Sinop.Keywords: Zoonosis. Serosurvey study. Hantavirus.Hantaviruses (genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae) are emerging zoonotic viruses of great importance for public health. In South America, the rodents of the Sigmodontinae subfamily are reservoirs of these viruses. Some hantaviruses infect humans, causing either hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and/or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) (1) .The first cases of HCPS diagnosed in Brazil occurred in 1993. Since then, more than 1,920 cases of hantavirus have been notified in all Brazilian regions, with a case fatality rate of up to 39.5%. Mato Grosso (MT) is the leading state for HCPS cases and accounts for 16.1% of the total notified cases in Brazil. In a previous study conducted in the municipality of Sinop, Mato Grosso State, we carried out an epidemiological surveillance for arboviruses in 198 sera samples from patients presenting with acute febrile illness and clinical-epidemiological diagnoses of dengue. The results showed 46 samples positive for arboviruses. However, it was intriguing that more than 70% of the patients did not have dengue or other arbovirus infections that were tested for (2) . To address the possibility of hantavirus infection, we investigated the presence of antibodies against the hantavirus nucleoprotein in these febrile patients.Sinop is a municipality located 503km from the capital Cuiabá, in a geographical transition zone between a savannah and rainforest. The city was founded in 1974 and currently has an estimated population of approximately 130,000 inhabitants with 17.1% of them living in rural areas. The economic activities include an intensive agriculture based on the grain production, animal husbandry, logging, and human services. All of the sera analyzed in this study were part of the serum bank of the Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology of Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Campus of Sinop, which have been previously described in detail (2) . At the time of blood collection, the patients filled out a questionnaire that contained their epidemiological data, sex, age, occupation, address and region of birth, as well as information about any contact with rural or forested areas, and contact with rodents. These data were collected to analyze the risk factors associated with infect...

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“…Survey data and samples were obtained from a larger study examining the epidemiology of other zoonoses in the Los Rios Region of Chile ( 25 , 26 ). Los Rios (39°15′S–40°66′S, 71°55′E–73°74′E) has a temperate rainforest climate with average annual precipitation of 259 cm, and average temperatures of 17°C in the summer and 8°C in the winter.…”

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confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in rural and urban communities from Los Rios Region, Chile

Muñoz-Zanzi

Campbell

Berg

2016

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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BackgroundToxoplasmosis is a prevalent protozoan infection with a complex lifecycle and wide profile of risk factors. The impact of congenital infection is well documented; however, there is increasing evidence of a much broader range of potential health outcomes and the need to improve our understanding of the transmission patterns and infection sources in the overall population. This study examined the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in distinct community types from a highly endemic area of Chile.MethodsA cross-sectional serosurvey was carried out in households from urban slums, rural villages, and farms which included collection of blood samples, as well as data on sociodemographic, behavioral, and spatial variables. Blood samples were analyzed for the presence of T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies. Avidity index was obtained for IgG-positive samples. Mixed-effects regression modeling was used to identify associations with relevant risk factors.ResultsCrude seroprevalence was 55.9% (95% CI: 52.6–59.1%) with no difference by community type. Results are indicative of early exposure to the parasite, including 40% of 13- to 17-year olds who were already seropositive. Sociodemographic factors associated with seropositivity included age, occupations, and income. However, sex modified the effect of occupation as well as of income. Practices associated with increased seropositivity were consumption of sheep and locally produced vegetables as well as cleaning household barns or sheds. Boiling water for household use was a protective factor. Living on a sloped terrain without vegetation was a protective factor, while living in an area with high flow accumulation index was a risk factor.ConclusionsSeroprevalence of infection was high in both rural and urban slum communities with unique risk factor profiles for each community type. Findings highlight the role of the household and the community environment as influential factors in the epidemiology of the infection. Increasing awareness is needed at the health care and public health levels to establish disease burden and options for suitable control programs.

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Serological Evidence of Hantavirus Infection in Apparently Healthy People from Rural and Slum Communities in Southern Chile

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Rodent-borne viruses survey in rural settlers from Central Brazil

Rodent-borne viruses survey in rural settlers from Central Brazil

Serological evidence of hantavirus infection in an urban area in Mato Grosso State, Brazil

Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in rural and urban communities from Los Rios Region, Chile

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