Serological evidence of hepatitis A, B, and C virus infection in older adults in Khon Kaen, Thailand and the estimated rates of chronic hepatitis B and C virus infection in Thais, 2017

Posuwan, Nawarat; Vuthitanachot, Viboonsak; Chinchai, Teeraporn; Wasitthankasem, Rujipat; Wanlapakorn, Nasamon; Poovorawan, Yong

doi:10.7717/peerj.7492

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For example, that of Khon Kaen province was 8.7%, while previous studies have found rates of 2.1% in blood donors and 4.6% in the elderly. 7,8 Note that the rate in this study was also higher than two specific populations in previous studies. As previously mentioned, the HBV seroprevalence rate in this study was referred to only specific population in the surveillance.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

Surveillance for hepatitis B virus seroprevalencenearly 30 years after the implementation of a national vaccination program

Suttichaimongkol¹,

Rattananukrom²,

Wongsaensook³

et al. 2021

Germs

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Introduction Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Vaccination is one aspect of public health policy aimed at eliminating HBV infection. After the implementation of an HBV vaccination program for newborns in Thailand, the estimated residual infection rate was 3.5%. However, that study was conducted in only 5,964 participants in seven provinces and only 22 years after the start of the campaign. This study aimed to evaluate the HBV seroprevalence rate in Thailand in larger sample size and a longer duration after program implementation using HBV surveillance. Methods This was a surveillance study conducted in 20 provinces in northeast Thailand. The study period was between July 2010 and November 2019. Rates of HBV seroprevalence in each province and overall were calculated. Participants were divided into two groups: those vaccinated under the national campaign and those who were not. Participants aged 0-20 years were used as references, while other age groups (intervals of 10 years) were comparators. Residual HBV seroprevalence after the vaccination program was calculated with odds ratio for HBV seroprevalence in each age group. Results There were 31,855 subjects who participated in the project. Of those, 1,805 (5.7%) had HBV. The HBV seroprevalence rate in the national HBV vaccination group was significantly lower than that in those not vaccinated under the national program (1.0% vs 5.9%; p<0.001). Seroprevalence was 1.0% in participants ≤20 years of age. Participants 31-40 years of age had the highest odds ratio (10.41), followed those 21-30 years of age (7.42).Conclusions This real-world surveillance study showed that residual HBV infection was 1.0% after nearly 30 years of nationwide HBV vaccination.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

Surveillance for hepatitis B virus seroprevalencenearly 30 years after the implementation of a national vaccination program

Suttichaimongkol¹,

Rattananukrom²,

Wongsaensook³

et al. 2021

Germs

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“…[ 2 , 6 , 12 ] The seroprevalence of HBV and HCV in Thailand was higher among older adults (aged 31–60 years) than younger adults (≤30 years). [ 12 ] Moreover, incidences of liver cirrhosis and/or liver cancer due to CHB and CHC were more common among middle-aged to older adults and these individuals were typically diagnosed at advanced stages of the disease. [ 13 – 15 ] As individuals afflicted with viral hepatitis-related liver diseases are generally asymptomatic, a large proportion of these individuals are unaware and tend to go undiagnosed until presented at advanced disease stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitude, and behaviors toward liver health and viral hepatitis-related liver diseases in Thailand

Phisalprapa

Tanwandee

Neo³

et al. 2021

Medicine

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This study aimed to quantify and evaluate the knowledge and awareness toward liver health and diseases as well as explore the attitudes and knowledge toward screening, diagnosis, and treatment of liver disease among the Thai population. This is a cross-sectional, self-reported and web-based questionnaire study. Awareness, perceptions and attitudes toward liver-related health and diseases as well as screening, diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases were assessed among 500 Thai adults. Respondents were mostly ≥35 years (62.0%) and females (52.0%). While there was an overall awareness regarding viral hepatitis as the main etiology of liver failure/cancer, respondents expressed misperceptions that hint at social stigmatization or discrimination toward infected individuals. A significant proportion lacked knowledge of liver screening tests and relevant diagnostic tests for viral hepatitis-related liver diseases. Screening or treatment costs and perception of being healthy were among reasons for not seeking medical consultation when exposed to risk factors or diagnosed. Treatment practices of hepatitis included prescription medication (59.1%), functional foods (51.8%) and traditional treatment (28.2%). Multivariate analysis identified income, recent health screening status and being diagnosed with liver disease(s) as significant predictors of the knowledge, attitude, and behaviors of the Thai population toward liver diseases. This study highlighted a degree of misperception and lack of in-depth understanding toward hepatitis-related liver diseases including poor attitudes and knowledge toward screening, diagnosis, and treatment of liver diseases. Factors identified suggest an unmet need to encourage proactive health-seeking behaviors to reduce transmission risks of hepatitis-related liver diseases within the community.

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“…Preliminary evaluation of the existing HCV burden in Thailand shows that approximately 760,000-790,000 Thais are HCV seropositive, half of whom are living with chronic infection. [4][5][6] Nevertheless, the prevalence of viral hepatitis appears to be on the decline nationally as a result of fewer new HCV infections, improved blood donation screening, awareness of blood-borne pathogens, and decreasing number of intravenous drug users (IVDUs). 5,7 Preventing HCV-related morbidity and mortality should therefore contribute to improved quality of life and significant savings in future healthcare costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus in an Endemic Area of Thailand: Burden Assessment toward HCV Elimination

Wasitthankasem

Pimsingh

Treesun

et al. 2020

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. To eliminate HCV infection in an endemic area, an epidemiological baseline of the current HCV infection in the population is required. We therefore aimed to evaluate the HCV burden in the Thai Province of Phetchabun, which has the highest HCV infection rate in the country. Toward this, a province-wide district-based representative sampling of 4,769 individuals ages 35-64 years previously shown to represent high-risk age-groups were tested for anti-HCV antibodies using the automated chemiluminescent microparticle assays. Active HCV infection and subsequent genotyping were determined from serologically reactive samples by amplification of the HCV core gene. We found that 6.9% (327/4,769) were anti-HCV positive, of which 75.8% (248/327) had detectable HCV RNA and 5.8% (19/327) were in the presence of hepatitis B virus coinfection. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that HCV genotype 6 was the most prevalent (41%, 101/248), followed by genotype 3 (31%, 78/248), and genotype 1 (28%, 69/248). Socioeconomic and demographic factors including male gender, education, and agricultural work were associated with HCV seropositivity. From these results, we defined the regional HCV genotypes and estimated the HCV burden necessary toward the implementation of pan-genotypic direct-acting antivirals, which may be appropriate and effective toward the diversity of genotypes identified in this study. Micro-elimination of HCV in Phetchabun may serve as a model for a more comprehensive coverage of HCV treatment in Thailand.

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Serological evidence of hepatitis A, B, and C virus infection in older adults in Khon Kaen, Thailand and the estimated rates of chronic hepatitis B and C virus infection in Thais, 2017

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Surveillance for hepatitis B virus seroprevalencenearly 30 years after the implementation of a national vaccination program

Surveillance for hepatitis B virus seroprevalencenearly 30 years after the implementation of a national vaccination program

Knowledge, attitude, and behaviors toward liver health and viral hepatitis-related liver diseases in Thailand

Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus in an Endemic Area of Thailand: Burden Assessment toward HCV Elimination

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