Serological evidence of infection with rodent-borne hepatitis E virus HEV-C1 or antigenically related virus in humans

Shimizu, Kenta; Hamaguchi, Sugihiro; Ngo, Cuong Chi; Li, Tiancheng; Ando, Shuji; Yoshimatsu, Kumiko; Yasuda, Shumpei P.; Koma, Takaaki; Isozumi, Rie; Tsuda, Yuichi; Fujita, Hiromi; Pham, Thuy Thanh; Le, Mai Quynh; Dang, Anh Duc; Nguyen, Tuan Quang; Yoshida, Lay‐Myint; Ariyoshi, Koya; Arikawa, Jiro

doi:10.1292/jvms.16-0200

Cited by 42 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Some evidence of a zoonotic transmission of rat HEV or a related member of the species Orthohepevirus C to humans arose from two serological studies: antibodies, that showed a higher reactivity with rat HEV than with HEV‐1 or HEV‐3 antigens, were detected in a low percentage of forestry workers from Germany as well as in febrile patients from Vietnam (Dremsek et al., ; Shimizu et al., ). However, further evidence like detection of genome sequences is still missing.…”

Section: Transmission Pathways To Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, antibodies, which showed a higher reactivity to rat HEV than to HEV‐3, were found in healthy forestry workers from Germany (Dremsek et al., ). Also, antibodies with high reactivity to rat HEV were recently detected in patients from Vietnam with acute febrile diseases including mild liver dysfunction, hepatomegaly and mild elevation of liver enzymes AST and ALT (Shimizu et al., ). The zoonotic potential of rat HEV therefore deserves more investigation in the future.…”

Section: Hev Infection In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis E virus and related viruses in wild, domestic and zoo animals: A review

Spahr

Knauf-Witzens²,

Vahlenkamp

et al. 2017

Zoonoses and Public Health

102

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SummaryHepatitis E is a human disease mainly characterized by acute liver illness, which is caused by infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV). Large hepatitis E outbreaks have been described in developing countries; however, the disease is also increasingly recognized in industrialized countries. Mortality rates up to 25% have been described for pregnant women during outbreaks in developing countries. In addition, chronic disease courses could be observed in immunocompromised transplant patients. Whereas the HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are mainly confined to humans, genotypes 3 and 4 are also found in animals and can be zoonotically transmitted to humans. Domestic pig and wild boar represent the most important reservoirs for these genotypes. A distinct subtype of genotype 3 has been repeatedly detected in rabbits and a few human patients.Recently, HEV genotype 7 has been identified in dromedary camels and in an immunocompromised transplant patient. The reservoir animals get infected with HEV without showing any clinical symptoms. Besides these well-known animal reservoirs, HEVspecific antibodies and/or the genome of HEV or HEV-related viruses have also been detected in many other animal species, including primates, other mammals and birds.In particular, genotypes 3 and 4 infections are documented in many domestic, wildlife and zoo animal species. In most cases, the presence of HEV in these animals can be explained by spillover infections, but a risk of virus transmission through contact with humans cannot be excluded. This review gives a general overview on the transmission pathways of HEV to humans. It particularly focuses on reported serological and molecular evidence of infections in wild, domestic and zoo animals with HEV or HEVrelated viruses. The role of these animals for transmission of HEV to humans and other animals is discussed. K E Y W O R D Scross-species transmission, domestic animals, hepatitis E virus, wildlife, zoo animals, zoonosis

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Section: Transmission Pathways To Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hev Infection In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E virus and related viruses in wild, domestic and zoo animals: A review

Spahr

Knauf-Witzens²,

Vahlenkamp

et al. 2017

Zoonoses and Public Health

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In rhesus monkeys (Purcell et al, ) and pigs (Cossaboom et al, ) experimental infections with rat HEV strains have been unsuccessful. However, two studies reported the presence of antibodies against HEV‐C1 antigen in healthy forestry workers in Germany, and the presence of IgG and IgM against HEV‐C1 antigen in sera of patients presenting acute hepatitis, suggesting that HEV‐C1 can infect humans (Dremsek et al, ; Shimizu et al, ). The data were further supported by two recent studies that reported infections caused by rat HEV strains in a transplant recipient with persistent hepatitis and in an immunocompromised patient with severe acute hepatitis (Sridhar et al, ; Andonov et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of hepatitis E virus RNA in rats caught in pig farms from Northern Italy

Sabato

Ianiro

Monini

et al. 2019

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) strains belonging to the Orthohepevirus genus are divided into four species (A–D). HEV strains included in the Orthohepevirus A species infect humans and several other mammals. Among them, the HEV‐3 and HEV‐4 genotypes are zoonotic and infect both humans and animals, of which, pigs and wild boar are the main reservoirs. Viruses belonging to the Orthohepevirus C species (HEV‐C) have been considered to infect rats of different species and carnivores. Recently, two studies reported the detection of HEV‐C1 (rat HEV) RNA in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients, suggesting a possible transmission of rat HEV to humans. The role of rats and mice as reservoir of HEV and the potential zoonotic transmission is still poorly known and deserves further investigation. To this purpose, in this study, the presence of HEV RNA was investigated in the intestinal contents and liver samples from 47 Black rats (Rattus rattus) and 21 House mice (Mus musculus) captured in four pig farms in Northern Italy. The presence of both Orthohepevirus A and C was investigated by the real‐rime RT‐PCR specific for HEV‐1 to HEV‐4 genotypes of Orthohepevirus A species and by a broad spectrum hemi‐nested RT‐PCR capable of detecting different HEV species including rat HEV. The intestinal content from two Black rats resulted positive for HEV‐C1 RNA and for HEV‐3 RNA, respectively. None of the House mice was HEV RNA positive. Sequence analyses confirmed the detection of HEV‐C1, genotype G1 and HEV‐3 subtype e. The viral strain HEV‐3e detected in the rat was identical to swine HEV strains detected in the same farm. Liver samples were negative for the detection of either rat HEV or HEV‐3.

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“…On the other hand, Dremsek et al [ 2 ] reported that some sera from healthy forestry workers in Germany reacted more strongly to HEV-C1 antigen than to HEV-3 antigen. We have also found that some sera obtained from patients with fever of unknown origin in Hanoi, Vietnam, showed higher reactivity against HEV-C1 antigen than HEV-1 antigen [ 18 ]. Successful propagation of HEV-C1 in human hepatoma cell lines has also been reported [ 4 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epizootiological study of rodent-borne hepatitis E virus HEV-C1 in small mammals in Hanoi, Vietnam

Obana

Shimizu

Yoshimatsu

et al. 2017

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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There is concern about the zoonotic potential of rodent-borne hepatitis E virus, designated as HEV-C1. However, epizootiological information about HEV-C1 is limited. To address this issue, serum samples from 443 small mammals captured at 5 sites in Hanoi, Vietnam, were examined for anti-HEV-C1 IgG antibodies. In addition, livers of seropositive animals were examined for viral RNA. Anti-HEV-C1 antibodies were detected in 57 (12.9%) of the 443 serum samples. Seropositive animals were found in all of the sites (4.7% to 22.2%). Anti-HEV-C1 antibodies were detected from 48 (12.3%) of 389 Rattus norvegicus and 9 (19.6%) of 46 R. tanezumi, but were not detected from 8 Suncus murinus. Viral RNAs were detected from 13 (22.8%) of the 57 seropositive rodents. The detection rate of viral RNA in seropositive R. tanezumi (66.7%, 6/9) was significantly higher than that in seropositive R. norvegicus (14.6%, 7/48). The results suggest that R. tanezumi is more susceptible than R. norvegicus to HEV-C1 infection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Vietnamese strains were divided into 3 clusters in genetic group 2 of HEV-C1. Multiple clusters of viruses were detected at several sites without species specificity, suggesting that 3 clusters of HEV-C1 co-circulate in Hanoi, Vietnam.

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Serological evidence of infection with rodent-borne hepatitis E virus HEV-C1 or antigenically related virus in humans

Cited by 42 publications

References 19 publications

Hepatitis E virus and related viruses in wild, domestic and zoo animals: A review

Hepatitis E virus and related viruses in wild, domestic and zoo animals: A review

Detection of hepatitis E virus RNA in rats caught in pig farms from Northern Italy

Epizootiological study of rodent-borne hepatitis E virus HEV-C1 in small mammals in Hanoi, Vietnam

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