Serological pattern ?anti-HBc alone?: Report on a workshop

Grob, P. J.; Jilg, Wolfgang; Bornhak, H.; Gerken, Guido; Gerlich, Wolfram H.; Günther, Stephan; Heß, Georg; Hüdig, H.; Kitchen, A. D.; Margolis, Harold S.; Michel, Gerd; Trépo, C.; Will, Hans; Zanetti, Alessandro; Mushahwar, Isa K.

doi:10.1002/1096-9071(200012)62:4<450::aid-jmv9>3.0.co;2-y

Cited by 230 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Among immunocompromised patients, HBV-DNA can be detected in 10% of HBsAg negative/anti-HBc positive patients. Reactivation of HBV is rare [10]; reactivation of HBV has recently been described in an HIV-positive patient who was anti-HBc alone [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occult hepatitis B virus infection in immunocompromised patients

Jardim¹,

Gonçales²,

Pereira³

et al. 2008

Braz J Infect Dis

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Occult hepatitis B infection is characterized by hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the serum in the absence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). We assessed occult HBV infection prevalence in two groups of immunocompromised patients (maintenance hemodialysis patients and HIV-positive patients) presenting HBsAgnegative and anti-HBc positive serological patterns, co-infected or not by HCV. Thirty-four hemodialysis anti-HIV negative patients, 159 HIV-positive patients and 150 blood donors who were anti-HBc positive (control group) were selected. HBV-DNA was detected by nested-PCR. Occult hepatitis B infection was not observed in the hemodialysis patients group but was found in 5% of the HIV-patients and in 4% of the blood donors. Immunosuppression in HIV positive patients was not a determining factor for occult HBV infection. In addition, no significant relationship between HBV-DNA and HCV co-infection in the HIV-positive patient group was found. A lack of significant associations was also observed between positivity for HBV-DNA and CD4 count, viral load and previous lamivudine treatment in these HIV-positive patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Occult HBV infection has been studied in selected groups or individuals in which its prevalence is believed to be higher, such as intravenous drug abusers, patients on maintenance hemodialysis, organ transplant patients, patients with chronic HBV infection [10], and patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) [11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occult hepatitis B virus infection in immunocompromised patients

Jardim¹,

Gonçales²,

Pereira³

et al. 2008

Braz J Infect Dis

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“…Recent evidences suggest that the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) do exist in patients, seronegative for HBsAg, but positive for HBV DNA, defined as Occult HBV infection [Pollicino et al, 2004]. They also pose a potential risk for themselves and their contacts as well as for blood banking and transplantation services [Grob et al, 2000].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…drug abusers, patients on maintenance hemodialysis, organ transplant patients, patients with chronic HBV infection, and patients coinfected with HIV or HCV [Grob et al, 2000]. Household contacts of subjects with HBV infection are reported to be at high risk of acquiring infection through multiple modes [Maddrey, 2000].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype, phylogenetic analysis, and transmission pattern of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in families of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers

Datta

Banerjee

Chandra

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Virology

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Occult hepatitis B is defined by the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the serum in absence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Studies were conducted to screen for occult HBV infection among family members of HBV carriers, incidentally detected positive for HBV infection with a view to assess the pattern of virus transmission among them. Nested PCR assay, employing independent sets of primers to surface and core genes, was used for detection of HBV DNA in serum samples from 28 index cases with asymptomatic HBV infection, and in serum samples from 72 HBsAg negative/anti-HBc positive family members. HBV DNA was detected in 15 HBsAg negative family members of 10 HBsAg positive index patients and was studied in detail. Direct sequencing of S gene region of 25 isolates (10 index cases and 15 contacts) and phylogenetic analysis with data base sequences revealed that genotypes A, C, and D and subtype adw2, adr, and ayw3 were present among them. Evidence of transmission from outside family sources was found in addition to intrafamilial transmission among individuals with occult infection. Mutations in the major hydrophilic loop (MHL) of the S gene region were also detected, including the 'vaccine escape' mutation G145R in three cases. Although majority of the occult infection was associated with low viral load, 3/ 15 (20%) cases were with higher viral load and potential infectivity. These cases are especially notable in diagnostic, blood banking, and transplantation services.

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“…For further details see Decker (Decker, 1998). Positivity for anti-core antibody in the absence of other serological markers, "anti-HBc alone" is compatible with either acute resolved infection or with persistent HBV infection (Grob et al, 2000).…”

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host genetic factors in hepatitis B infection, liver cancer and vaccination response: A review with a focus on Africa

Hennig

Hall

2012

Science of The Total Environment

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The disease burden due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains significant; 350 million people are infected world-wide, and around half a million deaths each year are due to HBVrelated liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Infant immunisation against infection was introduced in the early 1980s, the vaccine is routinely administered across regions where the disease is endemic and has been shown to be safe and effective. However, the large number of older individuals with persistent infection means that disease will not be reduced significantly for several decades. Furthermore, failure to respond to the vaccination has been observed in about 5% of vaccinees and to date we have limited information on the durability of vaccine protection against infection. Hepatitis B infection and disease pathogenesis are known to be influenced by a number of factors including host genetics factors. This review aims to give an overview of the role of genetic variation in persistent HBV infection and the development of liver disease including HCC. Vaccine-induced immunity is, at least in part, heritable and we also discuss findings on the genetic control of responses to HBV vaccination. The epidemiology of HBV infection differs by world region, as does the genetic makeup of individuals originating from different regions. This review focuses on the situation in Africa, where hepatitis B is highly endemic.

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Serological pattern ?anti-HBc alone?: Report on a workshop

Cited by 230 publications

References 49 publications

Occult hepatitis B virus infection in immunocompromised patients

Occult hepatitis B virus infection in immunocompromised patients

Genotype, phylogenetic analysis, and transmission pattern of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in families of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers

Host genetic factors in hepatitis B infection, liver cancer and vaccination response: A review with a focus on Africa

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