Serological Response Following COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients Living with HIV: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis

Zhou, Qian; Zeng, Fang; Meng, Yonggang; Liu, Yihuang; Liu, Hong; Chen, Xiang; Deng, Guangtong

doi:10.2139/ssrn.4282946

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…When removing the six studies using the inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines, the pooled effect increased to over 98% (10 studies with 1170 PLWH). Similarly, the pooled seroconversion for the third‐dose studies in Zhou et al [93] was over 98%. However, the result was only based on six included studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The seroconversion in the meta‐analysis from Yin et al matched our results. Another meta‐analysis, by Zhou et al [93], illustrated a matching pooled seroconversion rate of 89.3% in PLWH from 42 included studies. Additionally, Zhou et al demonstrated, from 31 studies, a reduction of 5% in serological response in PLWH compared with healthy controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine immunogenicity for people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Søndergaard,

Thavarajah,

Churchill Henson

et al. 2023

HIV Medicine

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BackgroundPrevious publications on the immunogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccines in people living with HIV (PLWH) have reported inconsistent results. Additionally, a meta‐analysis investigating the immunogenicity in PLWH after the third SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine dose is lacking. In this article we aim to provide a systematic review and a meta‐analysis studying the immunogenicity of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines in PLWH and to identify potential drivers for antibody response in PLWH.MethodsWe used three databases (PubMed, Embase and Web of Science) to conduct our review. Studies with information on numbers of PLWH producing immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies or neutralizing antibodies were included.ResultsThe meta‐analysis included 59 studies and illustrated a pooled serological response of 87.09% in the 10 343 PLWH after they received a SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine. High CD4 T‐cell counts and low viral load indicated that the study populations had HIV that was well treated, despite varying in location. The pooled effect increased to 91.62% for 8053 PLWH when excluding studies that used inactivated vaccines (BBIBP‐CorV and CoronaVac). For the third vaccine dose, the pooled effect was 92.35% for 1974 PLWH. Additionally, weighted linear regression models demonstrated weak relationships between CD4 T‐cell count, percentages of people with undetectable HIV load, and age compared with the percentages of PLWH producing a serological response. However, more research is needed to determine the effect of those factors on SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine immunogenicity in PLWH.ConclusionSARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines show a favourable effect on immunogenicity in PLWH. However, the results are not ideal. This meta‐analysis suggests that a third SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine dose and good HIV treatment procedures are vital to induce a good immunogenicity in PLWH.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine immunogenicity for people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Søndergaard,

Thavarajah,

Churchill Henson

et al. 2023

HIV Medicine

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“…There is less evidence-based research regarding booster doses of the COVID-19 vaccine for PLWH, and so far we have found only one study addressing this (18). The meta-analysis study by Zhou et al (18), which included six studies, calculated a seroconversion rate of 98.4% (95% CI, 94.8-100%) after vaccine boosters for PLWH, and in three of these studies, PLWH had a reduced antibody response compared to the HC (RR = 0.97, 95% CI, 0.94-0.99). Our findings suggest that PLWH vaccinated with vaccine boosters produced humoral immune responses comparable to those of the healthy population (RR = 0.98, 95% CI, 0.96-1.00).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Immunogenicity and effectiveness of COVID-19 booster vaccination among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cheng,

Li,

Weng

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

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BackgroundThe effect of booster vaccinations with the coronavirus virus disease (COVID-19) vaccine on people living with HIV (PLWH) remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the immunogenicity and effectiveness of booster doses of the COVID-19 vaccine in PLWH.MethodsLiterature research was done through the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Review, and Web of Science databases up to 4 July 2023. Pooled estimates were calculated and compared using the DerSimonian and Laird method for a random effects model. Randomized control trials and observational studies were both considered for inclusion.ResultsWe included 35 eligible studies covering 30,154 PLWH. The pooled immune response rate (IRR) of PLWH after the COVID-19 booster vaccination was 97.25% (95% confidence interval [CI], 93.81–99.49), and similar to healthy control (HC) (risk ratio [RR] = 0.98, 95% CI, 0.96–1.00). The pooled IRR for PLWH with CD4+ T-cell counts ≤ 200 was 86.27 (95% CI, 65.35–99.07). For Omicron variants, the pooled IRR for PLWH after booster dose was 74.07% (95% CI, 58.83–89.30), and the risk of IRR was reduced by 10% in PLWH compared with HC (RR = 0.90, 95% CI, 0.80–1.00). The T-cell immune response of PLWH was found to be comparable to HC (p ≥ 0.05). Subgroup analyses revealed that mRNA vaccines produced a relatively high IRR in PLWH compared to other vaccines. In addition, the results showed that booster vaccination appeared to further reduce the risk of COVID-19-related infections, hospitalizations, and deaths compared with the primary vaccination.ConclusionIt was shown that booster vaccination with the COVID-19 vaccine provided a high IRR in PLWH and still produced a desirable moderate IRR in PLWH with a CD4+ T-cell count of ≤ 200. Importantly, the humoral and T-cell responses to booster vaccination in PLWH were comparable to HC, and similar results were observed with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Our review strongly emphasizes the effect of mRNA vaccine booster vaccination in PLWH on eliciting desirable protective IRR. Furthermore, booster vaccination appears to further reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death in PLWH compared to primary vaccination. However, more evidence is needed to confirm its effectiveness.

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“…On May 4th, 2023, the World Health Organization issued an advisory to transition the COVID‐19 pandemic to long‐term disease management considering the increased transmissibility, but reduced pathogenicity, of the Omicron subvariants (B.1.1.529) 1 . Recently, postvaccine immunogenicity studies have identified weakened immune responses for people living with HIV (PLWH) compared with healthy controls (HCs) 2–4 . Moreover, mutations in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the Omicron sublineage may also preclude the sufficient production of COVID‐19‐induced neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) 4,5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, postvaccine immunogenicity studies have identified weakened immune responses for people living with HIV (PLWH) compared with healthy controls (HCs). [2][3][4] Moreover, mutations in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the Omicron sublineage may also preclude the sufficient production of COVID-19-induced neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). 4,5 These could increase the risk for breakthrough infections (BIs) and more severe outcomes after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination among the PLWH, 6 especially for those with advanced immune deficiency (CD4 < 350 cells/μL) or older age.…”

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confidence: 99%

Omicron BA.4/5 neutralization and cell‐mediated immune responses in relation to baseline immune status and breakthrough infection among PLWH: A follow‐up cohort study

Zhan,

Xie,

Liu

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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There is a paucity of data on hybrid immunity (vaccination plus breakthrough infection [BI]), especially cell‐mediated responses to Omicron among immunosuppressed patients. We aim to investigate humoral and cellular responses to Omicron BA.4/5 among people living with HIV (PLWH) with/without BIs, the most prevalent variant of concern after the reopening of China. Based on our previous study, we enrolled 77 PLWH with baseline immune status of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 specific antibodies after inactivated vaccination. “Correlates of protection,” including serological immunoassays, T cell phenotypes and memory B cells (MBC) were determined in PLWH without and with BI, together with 16 PLWH with reinfections. Higher inhibition rate of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against BA.4/5 was elicited among PLWH with BI than those without. Omicron‐reactive IL4+ CD8+ T cells were significantly elevated in PLWH experienced postvaccine infection contrasting with those did not. NAb towards wild type at baseline was associated with prolonged negative conversion time for PLWH whereas intermediate MBCs serve as protecting effectors. We uncovered that hybrid immunity intensified more protection on BA.4/5 than vaccination did. Strengthened surveillance on immunological parameters and timely clinical intervention on PLWH deficient in protection would reduce the severity and mortality in the context of coexistence with new Omicron subvariants.

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Serological Response Following COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients Living with HIV: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine immunogenicity for people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine immunogenicity for people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Immunogenicity and effectiveness of COVID-19 booster vaccination among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Omicron BA.4/5 neutralization and cell‐mediated immune responses in relation to baseline immune status and breakthrough infection among PLWH: A follow‐up cohort study

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