Serological Responses to Filarial Antigens in Malian Children Attending Elementary Schools

Moss, Delynn M.; Chard, Anna N.; Trinies, Victoria; Doumbia, Seydou; Freeman, Matthew C.; Lammie, Patrick J.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.16-0560

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In the case of Togo, if a higher cut-off for positives were used, for example if the cut-off were set between the third and fourth populations in the distribution, 0.77% of the population would fall above the crude positive cut-off. In Mali, researchers found less than 1% prevalence of anti-Wb123 antibodies in a similar population, suggesting that perhaps the lower (0.77%) prevalence would be a better choice of cut-off in Togo, but even this cut-off would yield too many positives to be of use in a post-elimination setting [ 30 ]. This difficulty in establishing an appropriate cut-off is a key challenge that limits the utility of the Wb123 ELISA as a stand-alone tool for LF surveillance, particularly in a low- prevalence setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the usefulness of anti-Wb123 antibody for post-elimination surveillance of lymphatic filariasis

Dorkenoo

Koba²,

Halatoko³

et al. 2021

Parasites Vectors

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Background The World Health Organization has targeted lymphatic filariasis (LF) for elimination as a public health problem and recommends, among other measures, post-elimination surveillance of LF. The identification of sensitive and specific surveillance tools is therefore a research priority. The Wuchereria bancrofti-specific antigen Wb123-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Wb123 ELISA) detects antibodies to the recombinant Wb123 antigen of W. bancrofti and may be useful as a surveillance tool for LF. Six years after stopping mass drug administration to eliminate LF and recording successful results on two post-treatment transmission assessment surveys, a study was conducted in Togo aimed at helping to identify the role of the Wb123 ELISA in post-validation surveillance of LF. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in eight previously LF-endemic districts and one non-endemic district in Togo. In each sub-district of these nine districts, two schools were selected and 15 children aged 6 to 9 years old at each school provided finger-stick blood for testing for antibodies to Wb123 using the Filaria Detect™ IgG4 ELISA kit® (InBios, International, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA). Results A total of 2654 children aged 6 to 9 years old were tested in 134 schools in the nine districts. Overall, 4.7% (126/2654) children tested positive for antibodies to the Wb123 antigen of W. bancrofti. The prevalence of Wb123 antibodies varied across the eight previously endemic LF districts, from 1.56 to 6.62%. The highest prevalence, 6.99%, was found in the non-endemic district, but this was not significantly different from the average of all the LF districts (4.49%, P = 0.062). Conclusions The Wb123 ELISA was positive in 4.7% of Togolese school-age children who were almost certainly unexposed to LF. This apparent lack of specificity in the Togo context makes it difficult to establish a seroprevalence threshold that could serve to signal LF resurgence in the country, precluding the use of this test for post-validation surveillance in Togo. There remains a need to develop a useful and reliable test for post-elimination surveillance for LF in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the usefulness of anti-Wb123 antibody for post-elimination surveillance of lymphatic filariasis

Dorkenoo

Koba²,

Halatoko³

et al. 2021

Parasites Vectors

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“…Additionally, our results suggest that objectively measuring WASH-related disease might be useful for identifying biomarkers that could serve as proxies for access to WASH. Further, given the multiplexing capacity of the Luminex technology, we were able to capitalize on the DBS antibody data collected for the purpose of the WASH program impact evaluation by including antibody measures for diseases beyond the scope of the program–such as lymphatic filariasis, measles, tetanus, and rubella–at a minimal additional cost; with a total of 36 antigens included in the assay, the cost was ~USD $0.54 per antigen/sample, excluding the costs of labor and antigens. Ongoing sub-analyses from this data are providing valuable information on the effectiveness of mass drug administration [ 25 ] and vaccination programs, and could identify areas where these programs have been successful or should be scaled up; additional analyses examine patterns of malaria [ 27 ] and neglected tropical disease [ 25 , 53 ] transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the multiplexing capacity allows for the simultaneous analysis of up to 100 different antigens from one sample, and because samples can be analyzed off-site in a reference laboratory, Luminex MBAs have been shown to be an effective method for data collection in low-resource settings and at a low cost per antigen analyzed. Previous studies have used Luminex MBAs to detect serum antibody responses to tuberculosis, lymphatic filariasis, chikungunya, dengue, malaria, and enteric protozoa ( Giardia intestinalis , Entamoeba histolytica , and Cryptosporidium parvum ) [ 25 – 27 , 30 – 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We collected DBS to evaluate the impact of a school WASH program in Mali on infectious disease by analyzing immunoglobulin (Ig) G responses to 28 antigens from 17 different pathogens using the Luminex MBA platform. Although this serological platform has been widely used to evaluate drug treatment programs [ 25 , 31 ] and as a disease diagnostic and surveillance tool [ 26 , 27 , 33 ], it has had limited employment within WASH program impact evaluations [ 34 ]. In addition to providing evidence for the impact of school WASH interventions on pupil health, data from this study also provide evidence for the feasibility of using the Luminex platform as an objective measurement of enteric pathogen exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of school water, sanitation, and hygiene improvements on infectious disease using serum antibody detection

et al. 2018

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BackgroundEvidence from recent studies assessing the impact of school water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions on child health has been mixed. Self-reports of disease are subject to bias, and few WASH impact evaluations employ objective health measures to assess reductions in disease and exposure to pathogens. We utilized antibody responses from dried blood spots (DBS) to measure the impact of a school WASH intervention on infectious disease among pupils in Mali.Methodology/Principal findingsWe randomly selected 21 beneficiary primary schools and their 21 matched comparison schools participating in a matched-control trial of a comprehensive school-based WASH intervention in Mali. DBS were collected from 20 randomly selected pupils in each school (n = 807). We analyzed eluted IgG from the DBS using a Luminex multiplex bead assay to 28 antigens from 17 different pathogens. Factor analysis identified three distinct latent variables representing vector-transmitted disease (driven primarily by dengue), food/water-transmitted enteric disease (driven primarily by Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae), and person-to-person transmitted enteric disease (driven primarily by norovirus). Data were analyzed using a linear latent variable model. Antibody evidence of food/water-transmitted enteric disease (change in latent variable mean (β) = -0.24; 95% CI: -0.53, -0.13) and person-to-person transmitted enteric disease (β = -0.17; 95% CI: -0.42, -0.04) was lower among pupils attending beneficiary schools. There was no difference in antibody evidence of vector-transmitted disease (β = 0.11; 95% CI: -0.05, 0.33).Conclusions/SignificanceEvidence of enteric disease was lower among pupils attending schools benefitting from school WASH improvements than students attending comparison schools. These findings support results from the parent study, which also found reduced incidence of self-reported diarrhea among pupils of beneficiary schools. DBS collection was feasible in this resource-poor field setting and provided objective evidence of disease at a low cost per antigen analyzed, making it an effective measurement tool for the WASH field.Trial registrationThe trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01787058)

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“…Bound antigenspecific IgG was detected on the coupled beads as previously described. 17 Between steps, the magnetic beads were washed three times with 0.05% Tween 20 in PBS, using a Bio-Plex Pro II Wash Station (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). A Bio-Plex 100 reader with Bio-Plex Manager 6.1 software (Bio-Rad) calculated the median fluorescence intensity (MFI, channels 1-32,766) from each bead classification from each well and determined the mean MFI from duplicate wells.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to Taenia solium Cysticercosis Antigen Glutathione-S-Transferase–rT24H in Malian Children Using Multiplex Bead Assay

Moss

Handali

Chard

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Blood samples from 805 students attending 42 elementary schools in Mopti, Sikasso, and Koulikoro regions, and Bamako district in Mali participated in a school water, sanitation, and hygiene intervention. Immunoglobulin (Ig) G responses to several antigens/pathogens were assessed by a multiplex bead assay (MBA), and the recombinant T24H antigen was included. Of all students tested, 8.0% were positive to rT24H, but in some schools 25-30%. A cluster of 12 widespread school locations showed not only a relative risk of 3.23 for exposure and significantly higher IgG responses ( < 0.001) but also significantly lower elevation ( = 0.04) (m, above sea level) compared with schools outside the cluster. All schools at elevations < 425 m showed significantly higher IgG responses ( = 0.017) than schools at elevations ≥ 425 m. The MBA is an excellent serological platform that provides cost-effective opportunities to expand testing in serosurveys.

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Serological Responses to Filarial Antigens in Malian Children Attending Elementary Schools

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Assessment of the usefulness of anti-Wb123 antibody for post-elimination surveillance of lymphatic filariasis

Assessment of the usefulness of anti-Wb123 antibody for post-elimination surveillance of lymphatic filariasis

The impact of school water, sanitation, and hygiene improvements on infectious disease using serum antibody detection

Detection of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to Taenia solium Cysticercosis Antigen Glutathione-S-Transferase–rT24H in Malian Children Using Multiplex Bead Assay

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