Serological responses to revaccination with hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccines among <scp>HIV</scp>‐positive individuals whose anti‐HAV antibody waned after primary vaccination

Chen, Guan‐Jhou; Sun, Hsin‐Yun; Lin, Kuan‐Yin; Cheng, Aristine; Huang, Yi‐Chia; Hsieh, Szu‐Min; Sheng, Wang‐Huei; Liu, Wen-Chun; Hung, Chien‐Ching; Chang, Shan-Chwen

doi:10.1111/liv.13665

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…During a large outbreak intervention in an HIV-positive population of MSM, it was shown that re-vaccination with an inactivated HAV vaccine in 75 subjects whose anti-HAV antibodies had waned completely after a median interval of 6.2 years resulted in 88% of subjects in seroconversion 4 weeks after the first revaccination dose and in 98.7% following a second dose. 93 In another study, 6 of 29 HIV-positive children had lost HAV seropositivity 7 years after vaccination with an inactivated HAV vaccine; upon revaccination (2 doses), 83.3% (5/6) seroconverted after the first dose. 94…”

Section: Immunological Long-term Effects Of Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hepatitis A vaccination and its immunological and epidemiological long-term effects – a review of the evidence

Herzog

Herck

Damme

2020

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections continue to represent a significant disease burden causing approximately 200 million infections, 30 million symptomatic illnesses and 30,000 deaths each year. Effective and safe hepatitis A vaccines have been available since the early 1990s. Initially developed for individual prophylaxis, HAV vaccines are now increasingly used to control hepatitis A in endemic areas. The human enteral HAV is eradicable in principle, however, HAV eradication is currently not being pursued. Inactivated HAV vaccines are safe and, after two doses, elicit seroprotection in healthy children, adolescents, and young adults for an estimated 30-40 years, if not lifelong, with no need for a later second booster. The long-term effects of the single-dose live-attenuated HAV vaccines are less well documented but available data suggest they are safe and provide long-lasting immunity and protection. A universal mass vaccination strategy (UMV) based on two doses of inactivated vaccine is commonly implemented in endemic countries and eliminates clinical hepatitis A disease in toddlers within a few years. Consequently, older age groups also benefit due to the herd protection effects. Single-dose UMV programs have shown promising outcomes but need to be monitored for many more years in order to document an effective immune memory persistence. In non-endemic countries, prevention efforts need to focus on 'new' risk groups, such as men having sex with men, prisoners, the homeless, and families visiting friends and relatives in endemic countries. This narrative review presents the current evidence regarding the immunological and epidemiological long-term effects of the hepatitis A vaccination and finally discusses emerging issues and areas for research.

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Section: Immunological Long-term Effects Of Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hepatitis A vaccination and its immunological and epidemiological long-term effects – a review of the evidence

Herzog

Herck

Damme

2020

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…In the recent study conducted during the outbreak of AHA, we found that HIV-positive patients who had lost their anti-HAV antibodies after primary vaccination could mount rapid and robust seroresponses to one single-dose HAV vaccination. (45) Other than previously mentioned limitations, necessary cautions are needed in the interpretation of our study results. First, selection bias is expected from the retrospective design of this study, because only those patients with follow-up of seroresponses were included in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…More studies to investigate the optimal timing for follow‐up of seroresponse after HAV vaccination and booster vaccination are urgently needed to inform the current guidelines. In the recent study conducted during the outbreak of AHA, we found that HIV‐positive patients who had lost their anti‐HAV antibodies after primary vaccination could mount rapid and robust seroresponses to one single‐dose HAV vaccination …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Early Seroreversion After 2 Doses of Hepatitis A Vaccination in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Patients: Incidence and Associated Factors

Huang

Wang

et al. 2019

Hepatology

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Serological responses (Seroresponse) and durability of hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccination are reduced among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive patients. Incidence of and associated factors with early seroreversion (loss of seroresponse) among HIV‐positive patients who have achieved seroresponses after two doses of HAV vaccination remain unclear. In this multicenter study, we followed HIV‐positive adults who had mounted seroresponses after completing two doses of HAV vaccination during a recent outbreak of acute hepatitis A between 2015 and 2017, a 1:4 case‐control study was conducted to identify factors associated with seroreversion. Case patients were those with seroreversion, and controls were those with similar follow‐up durations who were able to maintain seroresponses. During the study period, 49 of the 1,256 patients (3.9%) seroreverted after a median follow‐up of 611 days. In a case‐control study, seroreversion was more likely to occur in patients with a higher weight (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.703; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.292‐2.323, per 10‐kg increment) and HIV viremia at the time of vaccination (aOR, 2.922; 95% CI, 1.067‐7.924), whereas positive seroresponse at 6 months of HAV vaccination and higher CD4 lymphocyte counts at vaccination were inversely associated with early seroreversion with an aOR of 0.059 (95% CI, 0.020‐0.154) and 0.837 (95% CI, 0.704‐0.979, per 100‐cell/mm3 increment), respectively, in multivariable analyses. Conclusion: During an outbreak setting, early seroreversion following two‐dose HAV vaccination occurred in 3.9% of HIV‐positive patients. Lower and delayed seroresponses to HAV vaccination, a higher weight, and HIV viremia and lower CD4 lymphocyte counts at the time of HAV vaccination were associated with early seroreversion. Regular monitoring of seroresponse and booster vaccination might be warranted, especially in HIV‐positive adults with predictors of early seroreversion.

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“…Several factors may account for HAV infection despite presumed immunity. First, we know that protective immunity may wane over time and lead to disease acquisition and that immunosuppressed states, such as HIV, may predispose individuals to less durable immunity [ 4 , 7 , 10 , 12 ]. Vaccination at a CD4 count >200 is thought to predict long-lasting immunity in PWH [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Hepatitis A Viral Infection in People With HIV With Previously Documented Hepatitis A Immunity or Appropriate Vaccination: A Case Series

McLaughlin

Simmons

Armstrong

et al. 2021

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Serological responses to revaccination with hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccines among HIV‐positive individuals whose anti‐HAV antibody waned after primary vaccination

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Hepatitis A vaccination and its immunological and epidemiological long-term effects – a review of the evidence

Hepatitis A vaccination and its immunological and epidemiological long-term effects – a review of the evidence

Early Seroreversion After 2 Doses of Hepatitis A Vaccination in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Patients: Incidence and Associated Factors

Acute Hepatitis A Viral Infection in People With HIV With Previously Documented Hepatitis A Immunity or Appropriate Vaccination: A Case Series

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