Serological Screening of Influenza A Virus Antibodies in Cats and Dogs Indicates Frequent Infection with Different Subtypes

Zhao, Shan; Schuurman, Nancy; Tieke, Malte; Quist, Berit; Zwinkels, Steven; Kuppeveld, Frank J. M. van; Haan, Cornelis A. M. de; Egberink, Herman

doi:10.1128/jcm.01689-20

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…There are also reports of occasional influenza cases in cats caused by other IAVs [16,50,51]. A recent study confirmed that the presence of antibodies to IAVs of both avian and human origin is not uncommon in European shelter cats [6]. Antibodies against H1, H3, H5, H7 and H9 were found in their sera.…”

Section: Low Pathogenic Iavsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In contrast, antigenic shift leads to the sudden emergence of a new subtype resulting from the exchange (reassortment) of RNA fragments between two or more IAV subtypes replicating at the same time in a host [ 4 ]. Well-recognised “mixing vessel” hosts for human IAVs include pigs and birds, but recent data suggest that dogs and cats might also potentially play such a role [ 5 , 6 ]. These new subtypes, which share pathogenic properties with their parental lineages and have a mixture of the surface antigens of the original strains, can be highly dangerous.…”

Section: Aetiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental inoculations confirmed that cats were susceptible to the human H3N2 IAV that induced the “Hong-Kong” influenza pandemic in 1968 [ 20 ]. Furthermore, several studies indicated that, in 2009, cats (and dogs) worldwide could be infected by the H1N1 IAV during the subsequent human influenza pandemic, probably by direct transmission from their owners [ 6 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. In Italy, this virus caused an outbreak of respiratory and gastrointestinal disease in a colony of 90 cats, resulting in 25 deaths [ 18 ].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Iav Infections In Catsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A four-fold serum titre increase within 14 days indicates a recent IAV infection. A comparison of serological assays during a screening study for IAV antibodies in cats has been published recently [ 6 ].…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influenza Virus Infections in Cats

Frymus

Belák

Egberink

et al. 2021

Viruses

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In the past, cats were considered resistant to influenza. Today, we know that they are susceptible to some influenza A viruses (IAVs) originating in other species. Usually, the outcome is only subclinical infection or a mild fever. However, outbreaks of feline disease caused by canine H3N2 IAV with fever, tachypnoea, sneezing, coughing, dyspnoea and lethargy are occasionally noted in shelters. In one such outbreak, the morbidity rate was 100% and the mortality rate was 40%. Recently, avian H7N2 IAV infection occurred in cats in some shelters in the USA, inducing mostly mild respiratory disease. Furthermore, cats are susceptible to experimental infection with the human H3N2 IAV that caused the pandemic in 1968. Several studies indicated that cats worldwide could be infected by H1N1 IAV during the subsequent human pandemic in 2009. In one shelter, severe cases with fatalities were noted. Finally, the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 IAV can induce a severe, fatal disease in cats, and can spread via cat-to-cat contact. In this review, the Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD), a scientifically independent board of experts in feline medicine from 11 European countries, summarises current data regarding the aetiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnostics, and control of feline IAV infections, as well as the zoonotic risks.

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Section: Low Pathogenic Iavsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Aetiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiology Of Iav Infections In Catsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influenza Virus Infections in Cats

Frymus

Belák

Egberink

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…Such instance forewarns potential viral transmission through close contact between humans and their companion animals ( Belser et al, 2017 ). In addition, the fact that the respiratory tract of dogs harbors receptors for both avian-adapted and mammal-adapted influenza viruses ( Tate et al, 2014 ) and the increasing evidence of canine infection with swine, human, and avian IAVs of different subtypes ( Chen et al, 2018 ; Zhao et al, 2020 ) point toward a capacity for canines to serve as “mixing vessels” to generate novel gene constellations, which may lead to future pandemics in the human population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Adaptive Evolution of Avian-Origin H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus

et al. 2021

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Since its first isolation in around 2007, the avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) has become established and continues to circulate in dog populations. This virus serves as a useful model for deciphering the complex evolutionary process of interspecies transmission of influenza A virus (IAV) from one species to its subsequent circulation in another mammalian host. The present investigation is a comprehensive effort to identify and characterize genetic changes that accumulated in the avian-origin H3N2 CIV during its circulation in the dog. We revealed that H3N2 CIV experiences greater selection pressure with extremely high global non-synonymous to synonymous substitution ratios per codon (dN/dS ratio) for each gene compared to the avian reservoir viruses. A total of 54 amino acid substitutions were observed to have accumulated and become fixed in the H3N2 CIV population based on our comprehensive codon-based frequency diagram analysis. Of these substitutions, 11 sites also display high prevalence in H3N8 CIV, indicating that convergent evolution has occurred on different lineages of CIV. Notably, six substitutions, including HA-G146S, M1-V15I, NS1-E227K, PA-C241Y, PB2-K251R, and PB2-G590S, have been reported to play imperative roles in facilitating the transmission and spillover of IAVs across species barriers. Most of these substitutions were found to have become fixed in around 2015, which might have been a favorable factor that facilitating the spread of these CIV lineages from South Asia to North America and subsequent further circulation in these areas. We also detected 12 sites in six viral genes with evidence for positive selection by comparing the rates of non-synonymous and synonymous substitutions at each site. Besides, our study reports trends of enhanced ongoing adaptation of H3N2 CIV to their respective host cellular systems, based on the codon adaptation index analysis, which points toward increasing fitness for efficient viral replication. In addition, a reduction in the abundance of the CpG motif, as evident from an analysis of relative dinucleotide abundance, may contribute to the successful evasion of host immune recognition. The present study provides key insights into the adaptive changes that have accumulated in the avian-origin H3N2 viral genomes during its establishment and circulation into dog populations.

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An Efficient, Site‐Selective and Spontaneous Peptide Macrocyclisation During in vitro Translation

Liu

Yoshisada

Amedi

et al. 2023

Chemistry A European J

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Macrocyclisation provides a means of stabilising the conformation of peptides, often resulting in improved stability, selectivity, affinity, and cell permeability. In this work, a new approach to peptide macrocyclisation is reported, using a cyanobenzothiazole-containing amino acid that can be incorporated into peptides by both in vitro translation and solid phase peptide synthesis, meaning it should be applicable to peptide discovery by mRNA display. This cyclisation proceeds rapidly, with minimal by-products, is selective over other amino acids including non N-terminal cysteines, and is compatible with further peptide elaboration exploiting such an additional cysteine in bicyclisation and derivatisation reactions. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the new cyclisation group is likely to influence the peptide conformation as compared to previous thioetherbased approaches, through rigidity and intramolecular aromatic interactions, illustrating their complementarity.

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Serological Screening of Influenza A Virus Antibodies in Cats and Dogs Indicates Frequent Infection with Different Subtypes

Cited by 16 publications

References 51 publications

Influenza Virus Infections in Cats

Influenza Virus Infections in Cats

Host Adaptive Evolution of Avian-Origin H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus

An Efficient, Site‐Selective and Spontaneous Peptide Macrocyclisation During in vitro Translation

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