Serological Study of Selected Vector-Borne Diseases in Shelter Dogs in Central Spain Using Point-of-Care Assays

Couto, C. Guillermo; Lorentzen, Leif; Beall, Melissa J.; Shields, James; Bertolone, Nicolette; Couto, Jason I.; Couto, K. M.; Nash, Sarah H.; Slack, Jessica L.; Kvitko, Heather; Westendorf, N.; Marín, Liliana; Iazbik, M. Christina; Vicario, Francisco Clemente; Sanz, P. Barranco; Ruano, Ricardo

doi:10.1089/vbz.2009.0063

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Antibodies against A. phagocytophilum were found in 13.8% of the dogs using the commercial ELISA. Different results were found in dogs from the United States, France and Central Spain, which reported seroprevalence data of 4.8%, 2.72%, and 19% (BOWMAN et al, 2009;PANTCHEV et al, 2009;COUTO et al, 2010), respectively. Although A. phagocytophilum infection was reported in dogs from the State of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil, by a quantitative real-time PCR followed by sequencing of the msp2 gene , no serological data regarding this agent have been reported for Brazilian dogs to date.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…In a previous study, the assay was able to identify only 30% of the serum samples from dogs with low-titer (80 to 160) on E. canis-IFA, but identified all dogs with titers > 320 (O'CONNOR et al, 2006). Thus, seroprevalence for E. canis in dogs from the studied areas may be higher, since dogs with low titers may not have been recognized when a point-of-care ELISA assay was used, as previously described in dogs from an animal shelter in central Spain (COUTO et al, 2010). Antibodies against A. phagocytophilum were found in 13.8% of the dogs using the commercial ELISA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Serosurvey of tick-borne pathogens in dogs from urban and rural areas from Parana State, Brazil

Vieira

Nascimento

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Considering the zoonotic potential of tick-borne disease (TBD) agents and the fact that dogs may act as sentinels for human infection, the aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of TBD agents and risk factors for exposure in two different canine populations from Parana State, Southern Brazil. A total of 138 dog serum samples from urban (UA) (n=68) and rural (RA) (n=70) areas were tested with commercial ELISA rapid test for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia canis and Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFAT) for Babesia vogeli. An overall of 92/138 (66.7%) dogs, being 62/68 (91.2%) from UA and 30/70 (42.9%) from RA, were seropositive for at least one TBD agent. From the total number of dogs, sixty-two were positive for E. canis (44.9%), 19 (13.8%) for A. phagocytophilum, and 64 (46.4%) for B. vogeli. Anti-B. burgdorferi antibodies were not detected. Dogs from UA showed a higher percentage of tick infestation (p = 0.0135) and were highly associated with seropositivity to E. canis (p = 0.000005), A. phagocytophilum (p = 0.0001), and B. vogeli (p = 0.0012). In summary, the findings indicate that dogs from urban areas present higher potential risk exposure to TBD pathogens than those from rural areas.Keywords: Ehrlichia canis, Babesia vogeli, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, serology, Parana. ResumoConsiderando o potencial zoonótico das doenças transmitidas por carrapatos (DTCs) e que os cães podem atuar como sentinelas para infecções em humanos, os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar a soroprevalência de agentes das DTCs e fatores de risco para a exposição em duas diferentes populações caninas do Estado do Paraná, região Sul do Brasil. Um total de 138 amostras de soro de cães de área urbana (AU) (n = 68) e rural (AR) (n = 70) foram testadas utilizando um teste de ELISA comercial rápido para detecção de anticorpos contra Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia canis e Borrelia burgdorferi e imunofluorescência indireta (IFI) para Babesia vogeli. Um total de 92/138 (66,7%) cães, sendo 62/68 (91,2%) da AU e 30/70 (42,9%) da AR, foram soropositivos para pelo menos um agente. Do número total de amostras, sessenta e duas (44,9%) foram positivas para E. canis, 19 (13,8%) para A. phagocytophilum e 64 (46,4%) para B. canis vogeli. Anticorpos anti-B. burgdorferi não foram detectados. Os cães da AU apresentaram o maior percentual de infestação por carrapatos (p = 0,0135) e foram altamente associados com a positividade para E. canis (p = 0,000005), A. phagocytophilum (p = 0,0001) e B. vogeli (p = 0,0012). Em resumo, nossos achados indicam que cães de áreas urbanas têm um maior risco potencial de exposição a agentes patogênicos das DTCs comparados aos das áreas rurais.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Serosurvey of tick-borne pathogens in dogs from urban and rural areas from Parana State, Brazil

Vieira

Nascimento

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…In addition, previous studies have stated that the commercial ELISA rapid test is able to identify dogs with titers > 32040. Thus, seroprevalence for E. canis in dogs from the studied area might be higher, since dogs with low titers may have not been recognized when a point-of-care ELISA assay is used14.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

SEROLOGICAL SURVEY OF Ehrlichia SPECIES IN DOGS, HORSES AND HUMANS: ZOONOTIC SCENERY IN A RURAL SETTLEMENT FROM SOUTHERN BRAZIL

Vieira

Nascimento

et al. 2013

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThe aims of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of Ehrlichia spp. and risk factors for exposure in a restricted population of dogs, horses, and humans highly exposed to tick bites in a Brazilian rural settlement using a commercial ELISA rapid test and two indirect immunofluorescent assays (IFA) with E. canis and E. chaffeensis crude antigens. Serum samples from 132 dogs, 16 horses and 100 humans were used. Fifty-six out of 132 (42.4%) dogs were seropositive for E. canis. Dogs > one year were more likely to be seropositive for E. canis than dogs ≤ one year (p = 0.0051). Ten/16 (62.5%) and 8/16 (50%) horses were seropositive by the commercial ELISA and IFA, respectively. Five out of 100 (5%) humans were seropositive for E. canis and E. chaffeensis. Rhipicephalus sanguineus (n = 291, 97.98%) on dogs and Amblyomma cajennense (n = 25, 96.15%) on horses were the most common ticks found. In conclusion, anti-Ehrlichia spp. antibodies were found in horses; however, the lack of a molecular characterization precludes any conclusion regarding the agent involved. Additionally, the higher seroprevalence of E. canis in dogs and the evidence of anti-Ehrlichia spp. antibodies in humans suggest that human cases of ehrlichiosis in Brazil might be caused by E. canis, or other closely related species.

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“…The reported seroprevalence of Anaplasma spp. in Spain has ranged from 5 to 19% for Galicia, Catalonia, Balearic Islands and Castilla-León [19-21]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seropositivity rates for agents of canine vector-borne diseases in Spain: a multicentre study

et al. 2013

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BackgroundControlling canine vector-borne diseases (CVBD) is a major concern, since some of these diseases are serious zoonoses. This study was designed to determine seropositivity rates in Spain for agents causing the following five CVBD: leishmaniosis (Leishmania infantum: Li), heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis: Di), ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis: Ec), anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum/Anaplasma platys: An) and Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi: Bb).MethodsAnti-An, -Bb, and -Ec antibodies and the Di antigen were determined using the 4DX SNAP® Test (IDEXX Laboratories) and anti-L. infantum (Li) antibodies using the Leishmania SNAP® Test (IDEXX Laboratories) in blood and/or serum samples.ResultsAmong 1100 dogs examined, overall seropositivity rates were: Li (15.7%), Ec (5%), An (3.1%), Di (1.25%) and Bb (0.4%). While seropositivity towards Bb and Di was similar in all geographic regions, rates were significantly higher in the east of Spain (8.3%) for An, significantly higher in the north (20%) for Ec, and significantly higher in the Southeast (46.6%) and South (27.4%), and significantly lower in the north (0%) for Li.No statistical associations were observed between sex and the CVBD analyzed (p ≥ 0.05) while the following associations with other variables were detected: a higher seropositivity to Ec (40%) and Bb (6.7%) in dogs under one year of age compared with adults (p < 0.05); and a higher seropositivity to An and Li in dogs that lived outdoors versus indoors (p = 0.01; p < 0.001, respectively). Seropositivity rates of 2.1%, 0%, 1.7%, 0.5% and 4.2% were recorded respectively for An, Bb, Ec, Di and Li in dogs with no clinical signs (n = 556) versus 3.8%, 0.6%, 7.5%, 1.8% and 25.9% for those with signs (n = 507) suggestive of a CVBD.ConclusionThe data obtained indicate a risk for dogs in Spain of acquiring any of the five CVBD examined. Veterinarians in the different regions should include these diseases in their differential diagnoses and recommend the use of repellents and other prophylactic measures to prevent disease transmission by arthropod vectors. Public health authorities also need to become more involved in the problem, since some of the CVBD examined here also affect humans.

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Serological Study of Selected Vector-Borne Diseases in Shelter Dogs in Central Spain Using Point-of-Care Assays

Cited by 27 publications

References 8 publications

Serosurvey of tick-borne pathogens in dogs from urban and rural areas from Parana State, Brazil

Serosurvey of tick-borne pathogens in dogs from urban and rural areas from Parana State, Brazil

SEROLOGICAL SURVEY OF Ehrlichia SPECIES IN DOGS, HORSES AND HUMANS: ZOONOTIC SCENERY IN A RURAL SETTLEMENT FROM SOUTHERN BRAZIL

Seropositivity rates for agents of canine vector-borne diseases in Spain: a multicentre study

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