Serological Testing for COVID-19, Immunological Surveillance, and Exploration of Protective Antibodies

Peroni, L; Toscaro, Jéssica M.; Canateli, Camila; Tonoli, C.C.C.; Olivera, Renata R. de; Benedetti, Celso Eduardo; Coimbra, Laís D.; Borin, Alexandre; Marques, Rafael Elias; Proença-Módena, José Luiz; Lima, Gabriel C.; Viana, Renata Andréa Pietro Pereira; Borges, Jéssica Bassani; Lin-Wang, Hui Tzu; Abboud, Cely Saad; Gun, Carlos; Franchini, Kleber G.; Bajgelman, Marcio C.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.635701

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Serum immunological testing is a common method for detecting COVID-19 [8][9][10]. The common method for assessing the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines is to measure the level of neutralizing antibodies in the blood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fluctuation Trend of Serum Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG Antibodies Seroprevalence in the Non-COVID-19 Infected Population and Correlation with Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Parameters in Beijing, China, 2021: A Real-World Study

et al. 2022

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Since 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has caused more than 300 million cases of disease and 5 million deaths. Vaccination has been widely accepted as the most effective measure for the prevention and control of this disease. However, there is little understanding about serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG levels after inactivated vaccination as well as the relationship with peripheral blood leukocytes in the non-COVID-19 infected population. A total of 16,335 male and 22,302 female participants were recruited in this study, which was conducted in the Peking University Third Hospital located in Beijing (China). The level and seroprevalence of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgM/IgG and the association with peripheral blood leukocytes classification were investigated. With an increase in the number and percentage of full immunization of COVID-19 vaccinations in Beijing, serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies levels and seroprevalence were significantly elevated (p < 0.01). The serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies of 60 years and older persons were significantly lower than that of individuals that are 18~60 years old (p < 0.01), and there was a positive relationship between serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies levels and peripheral blood lymphocyte count. The investigation of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibodies and the peripheral hematological index may prompt and help understand the adaptive immune response of vaccination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fluctuation Trend of Serum Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG Antibodies Seroprevalence in the Non-COVID-19 Infected Population and Correlation with Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Parameters in Beijing, China, 2021: A Real-World Study

et al. 2022

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“… 35 − 39 The third category is the serological or immunological assay which is an indirect method of detecting the virus as the test looks for developed antibodies as a response to the infection rather than detecting the virus itself. 40 − 42 Serological tests detect the presence of antibodies in the blood when the body is responding to the viral infection. This type of test is important to identify the potential convalescent plasma donors and to monitor the subject’s immune status over time.…”

Section: Overview Of the Characteristic Requirements For Covid-19 Dia...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of test is important to identify the potential convalescent plasma donors and to monitor the subject’s immune status over time. 43 − 45 Many rapid serological tests were quickly developed; 40 − 42 , 46 however, they do not provide information on active infection as the body takes several weeks to develop a detectable level of antibodies following the infection. 47 Table 2 summarizes the differences between the three main testing methods currently employed in the diagnosis of COVID-19.…”

Section: Overview Of the Characteristic Requirements For Covid-19 Dia...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Approaches For COVID-19: Lessons Learned and the Path Forward

Alafeef

Pan

2022

ACS Nano

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a transmitted respiratory disease caused by the infection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although humankind has experienced several outbreaks of infectious diseases, the COVID-19 pandemic has the highest rate of infection and has had high levels of social and economic repercussions. The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the limitations of existing virological tests, which have failed to be adopted at a rate to properly slow the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2. Pandemic preparedness has developed as a focus of many governments around the world in the event of a future outbreak. Despite the largely widespread availability of vaccines, the importance of testing has not diminished to monitor the evolution of the virus and the resulting stages of the pandemic. Therefore, developing diagnostic technology that serves as a line of defense has become imperative. In particular, that test should satisfy three criteria to be widely adopted: simplicity, economic feasibility, and accessibility. At the heart of it all, it must enable early diagnosis in the course of infection to reduce spread. However, diagnostic manufacturers need guidance on the optimal characteristics of a virological test to ensure pandemic preparedness and to aid in the effective treatment of viral infections. Nanomaterials are a decisive element in developing COVID-19 diagnostic kits as well as a key contributor to enhance the performance of existing tests. Our objective is to develop a profile of the criteria that should be available in a platform as the target product. In this work, virus detection tests were evaluated from the perspective of the COVID-19 pandemic, and then we generalized the requirements to develop a target product profile for a platform for virus detection.

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“…These assays are commonly used to track infectious disease outbreaks by correlating past and/or present immunity status from the individual to community levels over a period of time [ 90 ]. Government officials of a given nation conduct these tests as part of a survey to assess population/herd immunity against a given infectious disease.…”

Section: Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological Perspectives to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic: Precise Diagnostics and Inevitable Vaccine Paradigms

Aileni

Rohela

Jogam

et al. 2022

Cells

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The outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause for the ongoing global public health emergency. It is more commonly known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); the pandemic threat continues to spread aroundthe world with the fluctuating emergence of its new variants. The severity of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic to serious acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which has led to a high human mortality rate and disruption of socioeconomic well-being. For the restoration of pre-pandemic normalcy, the international scientific community has been conducting research on a war footing to limit extremely pathogenic COVID-19 through diagnosis, treatment, and immunization. Since the first report of COVID-19 viral infection, an array of laboratory-based and point-of-care (POC) approaches have emerged for diagnosing and understanding its status of outbreak. The RT-PCR-based viral nucleic acid test (NAT) is one of the rapidly developed and most used COVID-19 detection approaches. Notably, the current forbidding status of COVID-19 requires the development of safe, targeted vaccines/vaccine injections (shots) that can reduce its associated morbidity and mortality. Massive and accelerated vaccination campaigns would be the most effective and ultimate hope to end the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak, emerging biotechnologies and their multidisciplinary approaches have accelerated the understanding of molecular details as well as the development of a wide range of diagnostics and potential vaccine candidates, which are indispensable to combating the highly contagious COVID-19. Several vaccine candidates have completed phase III clinical studies and are reported to be effective in immunizing against COVID-19 after their rollout via emergency use authorization (EUA). However, optimizing the type of vaccine candidates and its route of delivery that works best to control viral spread is crucial to face the threatening variants expected to emerge over time. In conclusion, the insights of this review would facilitate the development of more likely diagnostics and ideal vaccines for the global control of COVID-19.

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Serological Testing for COVID-19, Immunological Surveillance, and Exploration of Protective Antibodies

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

The Fluctuation Trend of Serum Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG Antibodies Seroprevalence in the Non-COVID-19 Infected Population and Correlation with Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Parameters in Beijing, China, 2021: A Real-World Study

The Fluctuation Trend of Serum Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG Antibodies Seroprevalence in the Non-COVID-19 Infected Population and Correlation with Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Parameters in Beijing, China, 2021: A Real-World Study

Diagnostic Approaches For COVID-19: Lessons Learned and the Path Forward

Biotechnological Perspectives to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic: Precise Diagnostics and Inevitable Vaccine Paradigms

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