Seropositivity of &lt;i&gt;Toxoplasma gondii&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Toxocara&lt;/i&gt; spp. in Children with Cryptogenic Epilepsy, Benha, Egypt

Eraky, Maysa Ahmad; Abdel-Hady, Soha; Abdallah, Karim Fetouh

doi:10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.335

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…and epilepsy [142][143][144][145] . Conversely, studies from India, Turkey, Iran, Egypt, and Tanzania were equivocal for the link between Toxocara and epilepsy [146][147][148][149][150] . A meta-analysis published in 2018 confirmed an association, with a pooled odds ratio of 1.69 (95% CI 1.42-2.01) 151 .…”

Section: [H1] Toxocariasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic and vector-borne parasites and epilepsy in low-income and middle-income countries

et al. 2020

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Zoonotic and vector-borne parasites are important preventable risk factors for epilepsy. Three parasitic infections, cerebral malaria, Taenia solium cysticercosis and onchocerciasis, have an established association with epilepsy. The parasitoses are widely prevalent in low-income and middle-income countries, which are home to 80% of the people with epilepsy in the world. Once a parasitic infection has taken hold in the brain, therapeutic measures do not seem to influence the development of epilepsy in the long term. Consequently, strategies to control, eliminate and eradicate parasites represent the most feasible way to reduce the epilepsy burden at present. The elucidation of immune

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Section: [H1] Toxocariasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic and vector-borne parasites and epilepsy in low-income and middle-income countries

et al. 2020

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“…In particular, one publication was excluded since there was no control group [ 19 ]. Another two publications were also excluded because they provided insufficient information about the methodology used in the surveys [ 36 , 37 ]. We found two new studies from the same research group, and we excluded the first one from the analysis [ 38 ] because the same population was considered [ 32 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated evidence of the association between toxocariasis and epilepsy: Systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2018

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ObjectiveTo gain further insight on the association between human toxocariasis and epilepsy in light of the new evidence in the last years.MethodsA systematic review was conducted without date and language restriction in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), Ingenta Connect, Science Direct (Elsevier), RefDoc, Scopus, HighWire, Scielo and the database of the Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology of the Limoges University (IENT). Two investigators independently conducted the search up to November 2017. A pooled odds ratio (OR) was estimated using a random effects model. Meta-regression was conducted to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity.ResultsDatabase search produced 204 publications. Eleven case-control studies were included that were carried out in 13 countries worldwide. A total number of 4740 subjects were considered (2159 people with epilepsy and 2581 people without epilepsy). The overall pooled OR was 1.69 (95% CI 1.42–2.01) for the association between epilepsy and Toxocara spp. seropositivity. A positive association was constantly reported in the restricted analysis (WB as confirmatory or diagnostic test, younger population, and population–based studies). Meta-regression showed no statistically significant association between covariates and outcome.ConclusionThe updated meta-analysis provides epidemiological evidence of a positive association between Toxocara seropositivity and epilepsy. New surveys supported the association, mainly population-based studies. On this basis, health strategies to reduce the impact of Toxocara spp are strongly advised. Further research should be performed to understand the physiopathological mechanisms of toxocara-associated epileptogenesis.

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“…10 Therefore, neurotoxocariasis may occur as meningitis, encephalitis, cerebral vasculitis, and/or myelitis, 14 while its role in the pathogenesis of pediatric cryptogenetic epilepsy has been not convincingly demonstrated so far. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Luckily, especially in children from the European countries, very seldom the brain localization of the larvae causes epilepsy, and even more rarely epileptic seizures are due to brain parasitic abscess. 5 We presented here the case of a previously healthy child who manifested epileptic seizures as the result of a brain abscess due to T. canis that was evident at cerebral MRI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Toxocariasis as a Cause of Epilepsy: A Pediatric Case

et al. 2021

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Toxocarosis is the consequence of human infection by Toxocara spp. larvae and is one of the most common ascarioses, not only in developing countries, but also in the European region, where its prevalence reaches 14%. Due to their particular behavior, children are at higher risk of this parasitic infection, whose clinical features depend on the localization of the Toxocara larvae. Neurotoxocariasis is very uncommon in children and may take different forms depending on the underlying physiopathologic process: immune reaction against the parasite antigens, vasculitis, treatment complications, or, very rarely, brain localization of Toxocara spp. larvae. The association between neurotoxocariasis and the onset of childhood epilepsy has been postulated but is still debated. Moreover, a Toxocara spp. abscess causing epileptic seizures in children has been rarely described, especially in western countries. Hereby we present a 9-year-old patient with a new diagnosis of epilepsy definitely secondary to brain abscess due to the localization of Toxocara canis larvae. Diagnosis was confirmed by neuroimaging and serological test. The successful treatment with albendazole and steroids was documented with a close and long-term clinical and neuroradiological follow-up. Our experience confirms that every case of cryptogenetic epilepsy in children deserves a neuroimaging study and, in case of cystic images, Toxocara serology is mandatory to avoid further unnecessary invasive diagnostic investigations and to set the specific drug therapy.

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Seropositivity of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> and <i>Toxocara</i> spp. in Children with Cryptogenic Epilepsy, Benha, Egypt

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Zoonotic and vector-borne parasites and epilepsy in low-income and middle-income countries

Zoonotic and vector-borne parasites and epilepsy in low-income and middle-income countries

Updated evidence of the association between toxocariasis and epilepsy: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Cerebral Toxocariasis as a Cause of Epilepsy: A Pediatric Case

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