Seroprevalence and associated risk factors for foot and mouth disease virus seropositivity in cattle in selected districts of Gamo zone, Southern Ethiopia

Shurbe, Mesfin; Simeon, Bekahegn; Seyoum, Wasihun; Muluneh, Ayelech; Tora, Ephrem; Abayneh, Edget

doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.931643

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Our results show that adults are more affected with FMD than younger animals in Kafta Humera districts. Similar reports have been observed in Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia ( 37 ). This can be due to calves being protected by passive maternal immunity and age-related physiological factors ( 37 ), and calves in this area have limited access to grazing until the age of 2 years.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Similar reports have been observed in Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia ( 37 ). This can be due to calves being protected by passive maternal immunity and age-related physiological factors ( 37 ), and calves in this area have limited access to grazing until the age of 2 years. We also found that, in Kafta Humera, females were more affected than males, an observation that was not reported in the Seharti Samre district.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…We also found that, in Kafta Humera, females were more affected than males, an observation that was not reported in the Seharti Samre district. In the study conducted in the Gamo Zone, there was no difference reported in morbidity proportion between males and females ( 37 ). It is noteworthy that there might be several factors not captured by this study that may explain our findings of female and adult animals being more infected, and therefore, these results should be treated with caution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Outbreak investigation of foot-and-mouth disease in cattle in Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia

Tesfaye,

Assefa,

Shishaye

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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An investigation of a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak was conducted between late October and mid-December 2019 in Tigray region. The outbreak investigation team collected epidemiological data from the six villages of Kafta Humera and Seharti Samre districts, including morbidity proportions, mortality proportions, and clinical signs, and cattle management and vaccination history were collected via participatory methods, including interviews and group discussions with local experts and farmers in Kafta Humera and reports from the district veterinarians in Seharti Samre. Twenty-two tissue samples were collected for laboratory confirmation. Overall, 4,299/9,811 (43.8%) and 13,654/16,921 (80.6%) cattle showed clinical signs for FMD in Kafta Humera and Seharti Samre, respectively. In Kafta Humera, the highest morbidity proportion was found in adult cows and heifers (48.1%), followed by 27.8% in oxen and 15.9% in calves. In Seharti Samre, the morbidity proportion was similar in all age groups at ~81%. No death of FMD-suspected cattle was reported throughout the outbreak. The serotype of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) identified by laboratory analysis differed between the two districts (serotype O in Kafta Humera and serotype A in Seharti Samre). We, therefore, suggest that the outbreaks in the two districts occurred independently from each other. Experts and farmers were interviewed and believed that the outbreak in Kafta Humera was most likely caused by interaction between cattle and wildlife from the surrounding Kafta Sheraro National Park, which share common grazing land. This outbreak investigation showed that FMD can cause devastating cattle morbidity. A regular vaccination program against the identified circulating FMDV serotypes with sufficient coverage is required to avoid future outbreaks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Outbreak investigation of foot-and-mouth disease in cattle in Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia

Tesfaye,

Assefa,

Shishaye

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…[ 27 ]. However, some studies have reported significant differences between different age groups of animals with FMDV infection [ 28 ]. All age groups are susceptible to FMDV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulation of foot-and-mouth disease serotypes, risk factors, and their effect on hematological and biochemical profiles among cattle and buffalo in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan

Khan,

Sheikh,

Ullah

et al. 2024

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, including buffalo, cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs, causing major economic losses to the local farmers and, overall, to the national economy of the country. This study aimed to detect FMDV serotypes in year-round FMD outbreaks, hematological and biochemical changes, and oxidative stress in FMDV-infected cattle and buffaloes in the district of Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan, and the socioeconomic impact of FMD outbreaks on farmers. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in the district of Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan, where FMD virus (FMDV) serotypes were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hematological, biochemical, and oxidative analyses were performed by analyzing the blood of FMDV-infected and non-infected animals. Information on the associated risk factors was obtained through a structured questionnaire by interviewing farmers in each FMD-affected farm. Results: Thirty-four out of 38 farms (89%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 75%–97%) were positive for FMD by ELISA. Higher FMD infection was detected in farms with a herd size of <50 animals (50%, 17/34), followed by >100 animals (32%, 11/34) and 51–100 animals (18%, 6/34). Fifty-seven percent (114/200, 95% CI: 50%-64%) of animals were positive for FMD. Of these, 61% (69/114) were cattle and 39% (45/114) were buffalo. FMD positivity was higher in females (86%, 98/114) than in males (14%, 16/114) and higher in animals older than 2 years of age (52%, 59/114). On average, farmers lose U.S. dollars 3000 annually due to FMD outbreaks. Animals infected with FMDV had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) white blood cell counts and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower hemoglobin and total protein concentrations in buffalo and cattle, whereas infected cattle showed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower albumin levels. Globulin levels were lower in buffaloes infected. Alanine aminotransferase levels were lower in infected cattle (p ≤ 0.05). Creatinine levels were higher in infected buffalo (p ≤ 0.05). Urea and phosphorus concentrations were higher in FMDV-infected cattle and buffalo (p ≤ 0.05). Calcium levels were lower in infected cattle and buffalo (p ≤ 0.05). Catalase enzyme activity in infected cattle and buffaloes was significantly lower (p < 0.05). Lipid peroxidation was significantly higher in FMDV-infected cattle and buffalo (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: This study confirmed serotype O circulation among cattle and buffalo in year-long FMD outbreaks in the Quetta District of Balochistan. Blood analysis identified a parameter deviated from the normal level due to FMDV infection. In addition, the outbreak of FMD has a significant negative economic impact on livestock farmers. Keywords: buffalo, cattle, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, foot-and-mouth disease, Quetta, serotype.

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“…This necessitates advanced statistical methods and tools for estimating the sero-prevalence rate at population-level using test results from NSP-ELISA. However, attempts have been made to estimate the FMDV sero-prevalence through cross sectional sample-based sero-surveillance in cattle 29 , 33 , 34 and small ruminants 29 in Ethiopia, cattle and wild life in Nigeria 35 , wild life and buffalo population in eastern Africa 36 , small ruminants in Kenya 2 , etc. In all these studies, the sero-prevalence results were limited to sample proportions (e.g., total sample: 384; positive sample: 76; sero-prevalence rate: 19.79%) 29 , 33 – 36 without going for country-level estimate of FMDV sero-prevalence rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of foot-and-mouth disease virus sero-prevalence rates using novel computational approach for the susceptible bovine population in India during the period 2008–2021

Das,

Pal,

Rautaray

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a severe contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. In India, a vaccination-based official FMD control programme was started, which got expanded progressively to cover entire country in 2019. The serological tests are used to determine non-structural protein based sero-prevalence rates for properly implementing and assessing the control programme. Since 2008, reporting of the FMD sero-surveillance was limited to the serum sample-based serological test results without going for population-level estimation due to lack of proper statistical methodology. Thus, we present a computational approach for estimating the sero-prevalence rates at the state and national levels. Based on the reported approach, a web-application (https://nifmd-bbf.icar.gov.in/FMDSeroSurv) and an R software package (https://github.com/sam-dfmd/FMDSeroSurv) have been developed. The presented computational techniques are applied to the FMD sero-surveillance data during 2008–2021 to get the status of virus circulation in India under a strict vaccination policy. Furthermore, through various structural equation models, we attempt to establish a link between India’s estimated sero-prevalence rate and field FMD outbreaks. Our results indicate that the current sero-prevalence rates are significantly associated with previous field outbreaks up to 2 years. Besides, we observe downward trends in sero-prevalence and outbreaks over the years, specifically after 2013, which indicate the effectiveness of various measures implemented under the FMD control programme. The findings of the study may help researchers and policymakers to track virus infection and identification of potential disease-free zones through vaccination.

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Seroprevalence and associated risk factors for foot and mouth disease virus seropositivity in cattle in selected districts of Gamo zone, Southern Ethiopia

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Outbreak investigation of foot-and-mouth disease in cattle in Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia

Outbreak investigation of foot-and-mouth disease in cattle in Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia

Circulation of foot-and-mouth disease serotypes, risk factors, and their effect on hematological and biochemical profiles among cattle and buffalo in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan

Estimation of foot-and-mouth disease virus sero-prevalence rates using novel computational approach for the susceptible bovine population in India during the period 2008–2021

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