Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of hepatitis E virus infection among pregnant women attending Maiduguri teaching hospital, Nigeria

Ajayi, Babajide O.; Igwegbe, Iman U.; Latbone, Semsari; Oderinde, Bamidele Soji; Kida, Ibrahim Musa; Oyinloye, S. O.; Adelowo, Kayode; Denue, Ballah Akawu; Chama, Calvin; Abdullahi, Idris Nasir

doi:10.21608/mid.2020.39788.1053

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The difference in HEV seroprevalence among pregnant women between countries has been attributed to the difference in sanitary conditions, geographical location difference, and time difference of study conduct- To the best of our knowledge, our study was the first published data on a detailed HEV study solely among pregnant women in more than two cities in a geopolitical region in Nigeria. Previous reports on HEV prevalence among pregnant women from state surveillance from the geopolitical regions in Nigeria showed the highest prevalence (28.0%) in the southeastern part [18], Northeast HEV prevalence of 13.3% comes next [19] followed 0.9-12.1% in North central [20,21], although IgG report by Ahumibe et al, [22] and Ehi Airiohuodion et al, [23] was as high as 19% and 31.5% respectively in the region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

High Prevalence of Hepatitis E IgM Antibody among Pregnant Women in Their Second and Third Trimester in Southwest Nigeria

Japhet,

Adama,

Oyewale

et al. 2023

PAJOLS

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Background: Background: Pregnant women with Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, particularly those in the second or third trimester, are at increased risk of acute liver failure, fetal loss, and mortality; but unfortunately, routine HEV screening is yet to be introduced for pregnant women in Nigeria and many developing nations. This study was conducted to determine HEV prevalence and the associated risk factors among pregnant women unaware of their HEV status in three states of the southwestern geopolitical zone in Nigeria. Methods: Two hundred and thirty-two consenting pregnant women aged 18 -55 years from Lagos, Oyo, and Osun state were recruited for the study and screened for HEV IgM antibodies using DIAPRO HEV IgM ELISA KIT (Milanno-Italy). Sociodemographic data and risk factors were obtained using a structured questionnaire, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: An overall HEV prevalence rate of 9.9% was observed among pregnant women in Southwest Nigeria. State-specific prevalence of 14.7%, 8.5%, and 6.7% was observed in Oyo, Lagos, and Osun, respectively. HEV prevalence increased with increase in trimester of pregnancy, with more than 80% of the HEV prevalence found among women in their second and third trimester. All the HEV prevalence occurring in women of active childbearing age (≤ 40 years) and among low-income earners. None of the risk factors considered was found to have a statistical correlation with HEV prevalence. Conclusion: High HEV prevalence in the second and third trimesters was reported in southwest Nigeria. We advocate routine screening of pregnant women for HEV IgM antibody for prompt HEV detection and proper HEV management to forestall HEV complications in pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

High Prevalence of Hepatitis E IgM Antibody among Pregnant Women in Their Second and Third Trimester in Southwest Nigeria

Japhet,

Adama,

Oyewale

et al. 2023

PAJOLS

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“…It could also be related to municipal tap water supply channels (pipelines) that are broken or poorly laid, leading to contamination of water sources with sewage and waste matter. Consumption of uncooked meat and drinking of unclean and poorly purified water may also be responsible for the high seropositivity (1,(9)(10)(11)29). Several studies are of the opinion that water sources are significantly associated with HEV infection and outbreaks in most low middle income countries (LMICs) (10, 30,31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the current study,HEV seroprevalence in urban areas was higher compared to rural areas, but the result was not statistically significant (74.1%; OR = 1.6; p = 0.14). This could be explained by the state of poor sewage infrastructure in urban settings, unhygienic conditions of the environment, compounded and aggravated by sewage handling practices, consumption of undercooked meat (zoonosis) and unsafe and broke water supply pipelines or channels (9,11,16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HEV primarily affects young adults and is generally mild; however, the mortality rate is significantly higher for pregnant women, particularly in cases where the infection progresses to fulminant hepatitis, especially in the second and third trimesters, putting pregnant women at increased risk of acute liver failure, foetal loss, and most times death (8)(9)(10)(11). The casefatality ratio can be as high as 20-25% in the last trimester of pregnancy (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence and burden of hepatitis E viral infection among pregnant women in central Nigeria attending antenatal clinic at a Federal Medical Centre in Central Nigeria

et al. 2022

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IntroductionHEV infection may be life threatening in pregnant women and has been linked with 20–30% mortality, especially in the third trimester of pregnancy. HEV infection leads to elevated levels of preterm labour and other immunological parameters. It is vertically transmitted and could lead to poor feto-maternal outcomes. especially in fulminating viral hepatitis where both the mother and foetus could be lost. There is currently no known treatment or vaccine for HEV. There is therefore a need to study HEV seroprevalence and burden among vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women and their newborns in Nigeria, where maternal mortality is highly significant.MethodsA total of 200 samples were collected from pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Keffi, in central Nigeria, of which (156/200) samples were from HIV-negative pregnant women and (44/200) were from HIV-positive pregnant women, using a simple random sampling method.ResultsIn total, 200 pregnant women [78.0% (156/200) HIV-negative pregnant women and 22.0% (44/200) HIV-positive pregnant women] were recruited for this study. The ages of the pregnant women ranged from 15-49 years, with a mean age of 26.4 years (± 6.23). The overall HEV IgG seropositivity in the study population was 31.5% (63/200); 95% CI (30-33).ConclusionThis study highlighted an unexpectedly high seroprevalence of HEV and poor feto-maternal outcomes in pregnant women residing in a rural and urban setting of central Nigeria. The study showed that the inherently high HEV seropositivity and poor feto-maternal outcomes may not be attributed to HEV viral hepatitis only but may be a combination of extrinsic and intrinsic factors.

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Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of hepatitis E virus infection among pregnant women attending Maiduguri teaching hospital, Nigeria

Cited by 2 publications

References 21 publications

High Prevalence of Hepatitis E IgM Antibody among Pregnant Women in Their Second and Third Trimester in Southwest Nigeria

High Prevalence of Hepatitis E IgM Antibody among Pregnant Women in Their Second and Third Trimester in Southwest Nigeria

Seroprevalence and burden of hepatitis E viral infection among pregnant women in central Nigeria attending antenatal clinic at a Federal Medical Centre in Central Nigeria

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