Seroprevalence and Epidemiological Characteristics of Immunoglobulin M and G Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 in Asymptomatic People in Wuhan, China

Ling, Ruijie; Yu, Yihan; He, Jiangjiang; Zhang, Jixian; Xu, Sha; Sun, Renrong; Li, Tao; Ji, Hong‐Long; Wang, Huanqiang

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3629491

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Remarkably, the present study detected more female carriers of asymptomatic antibodies compared with male carriers in most age subgroups and a reverse correlation trend of MFR with the increase in age. Another study in Wuhan also reported similar findings [13]. Indeed, it was suggested that SARS-CoV-2 affected women less than men due to different innate immunity, steroid hormones and This study had several limitations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin antibodies in Wuhan, China: part of the city-wide massive testing campaign

Pan

Yang

et al. 2021

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Objectives The outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Wuhan, China, has subsided after a hard hit by the disease and subsequent city lockdown. Information on the number of people involved in Wuhan is still inadequate. This study aimed to describe the screening results of 61,437 community members in Wuchang District, Wuhan. Methods In mid-May 2020, Wuhan launched a population-scale city-wide SARS-CoV-2 testing campaign, which aimed to perform nucleic acid and viral antibody testing for citizens in Wuhan. Here we show the screening results of cluster sampled 61,437 residents in Wuchang District, Wuhan, China. Results A total of 1470 (2.39%, 95% CI: 2.27-2.52) individuals were detected positive for at least one antiviral antibody. Among the positive individuals, 324 (0.53%, 95% CI: 0.47-0.59) and 1200 (1.95%, 95% CI: 1.85-2.07) were positive for immunoglobulin IgM and IgG, respectively, and 54 (0.08%, 95% CI: 0.07-0.12) were positive for both antibodies. The positive rate of female carriers of antibodies were higher than those of male counterparts (male-to-female ratio of 0.75), especially in elderly citizens (ratio of 0.18 in 90+ age subgroup), indicating a sexual discrepancy in seroprevalence. In addition, viral nucleic acid detection using real-time PCR had showed 8 (0.013%, 95% CI: 0.006-0.026) asymptomatic virus carriers. Conclusions The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan was low. Most of Wuhan residents are still susceptible to this virus. Precautions, such as wearing mask, frequent hand hygiene, and proper social distance, are necessary before an effective vaccine or antiviral treatments are available.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin antibodies in Wuhan, China: part of the city-wide massive testing campaign

Pan

Yang

et al. 2021

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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“… 63 We found a pooled seroprevalence of 8·0% in the general population, suggesting that globally, the number of people infected by the end of 2020 was unlikely to satisfy estimates of what it would take to achieve antibody-mediated herd immunity. 39 , 41 , 64 The seroprevalence in the general population also varied across WHO regions, with a higher prevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in the South-East Asia region (eg, India, range: 10·8–40·8%) 46 , 47 , 48 contrasting with a relatively lower seroprevalence in the Western Pacific region (eg, China, range: 0·8–3·3%), 65 , 66 indicating different levels of community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in different locales, potentially due to differences in non-pharmaceutical interventions. 67 Additionally, the very limited number of high-quality studies in all but two of the WHO regions underlines our incomplete understanding of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in much of the world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological evidence of human infection with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Chen¹,

Chen²,

Azman³

et al. 2021

The Lancet Global Health

218

227

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Background A rapidly increasing number of serological surveys for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 have been reported worldwide. We aimed to synthesise, combine, and assess this large corpus of data.Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and five preprint servers for articles published in English between Dec 1, 2019, and Dec 22, 2020. Studies evaluating SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in humans after the first identified case in the area were included. Studies that only reported serological responses among patients with COVID-19, those using known infection status samples, or any animal experiments were all excluded. All data used for analysis were extracted from included papers. Study quality was assessed using a standardised scale. We estimated age-specific, sex-specific, and race-specific seroprevalence by WHO regions and subpopulations with different levels of exposures, and the ratio of serology-identified infections to virologically confirmed cases. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020198253.Findings 16 506 studies were identified in the initial search, 2523 were assessed for eligibility after removal of duplicates and inappropriate titles and abstracts, and 404 serological studies (representing tests in 5 168 360 individuals) were included in the meta-analysis. In the 82 studies of higher quality, close contacts (18•0%, 95% CI 15•7-20•3) and highrisk health-care workers (17•1%, 9•9-24•4) had higher seroprevalence than did low-risk health-care workers (4•2%, 1•5-6•9) and the general population (8•0%, 6•8-9•2). The heterogeneity between included studies was high, with an overall I² of 99•9% (p<0•0001). Seroprevalence varied greatly across WHO regions, with the lowest seroprevalence of general populations in the Western Pacific region (1•7%, 95% CI 0•0-5•0). The pooled infection-to-case ratio was similar between the region of the Americas (6•9, 95% CI 2•7-17•3) and the European region (8•4, 6•5-10•7), but higher in India (56•5, 28•5-112•0), the only country in the South-East Asia region with data.Interpretation Antibody-mediated herd immunity is far from being reached in most settings. Estimates of the ratio of serologically detected infections per virologically confirmed cases across WHO regions can help provide insights into the true proportion of the population infected from routine confirmation data.

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“…10,28 A more prominent decline of seropositivity was seen in a study in Wuhan. 32 Genuine decrease may be difficult to differentiate from random variation. However, some preliminary data 60,61 suggest that decrease in antibody titers may be fast.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The infection fatality rate of COVID-19 inferred from seroprevalence data

Ioannidis

2020

Preprint

179

182

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Objective To estimate the infection fatality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from data of seroprevalence studies. Methods Population studies with sample size of at least 500 and published as peer-reviewed papers or preprints as of July 11, 2020 were retrieved from PubMed, preprint servers, and communications with experts. Studies on blood donors were included, but studies on healthcare workers were excluded. The studies were assessed for design features and seroprevalence estimates. Infection fatality rate was estimated from each study dividing the number of COVID-19 deaths at a relevant time point by the number of estimated people infected in each relevant region. Correction was also attempted accounting for the types of antibodies assessed. Secondarily, results from national studies were also examined from preliminary press releases and reports whenever a country had no other data presented in full papers of preprints. Results 36 studies (43 estimates) were identified with usable data to enter into calculations and another 7 preliminary national estimates were also considered for a total of 50 estimates. Seroprevalence estimates ranged from 0.222% to 47%. Infection fatality rates ranged from 0.00% to 1.63% and corrected values ranged from 0.00% to 1.31%. Across 32 different locations, the median infection fatality rate was 0.27% (corrected 0.24%). Most studies were done in pandemic epicenters with high death tolls. Median corrected IFR was 0.10% in locations with COVID-19 population mortality rate less than the global average (<73 deaths per million as of July 12, 2020), 0.27% in locations with 73-500 COVID-19 deaths per million, and 0.90% in locations exceeding 500 COVID-19 deaths per million. Among people <70 years old, infection fatality rates ranged from 0.00% to 0.57% with median of 0.05% across the different locations (corrected median of 0.04%). Conclusions The infection fatality rate of COVID-19 can vary substantially across different locations and this may reflect differences in population age structure and case-mix of infected and deceased patients as well as multiple other factors. Estimates of infection fatality rates inferred from seroprevalence studies tend to be much lower than original speculations made in the early days of the pandemic.

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Seroprevalence and Epidemiological Characteristics of Immunoglobulin M and G Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 in Asymptomatic People in Wuhan, China

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin antibodies in Wuhan, China: part of the city-wide massive testing campaign

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin antibodies in Wuhan, China: part of the city-wide massive testing campaign

Serological evidence of human infection with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The infection fatality rate of COVID-19 inferred from seroprevalence data

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