Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine herpesvirus 1 in dairy herds of Colombia

Abstract

Background and Aim: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is an infectious disease widely distributed globally and is considered the main cause of various reproductive and respiratory tract diseases in cattle and buffaloes. This study aimed to estimate seroprevalence and determine risk factors associated with the presentation of IBR in the municipality of Sotaquirá, Boyacá (Colombia). Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with simple random sampling was performed, and the sample size was 1,000 cattle. Blood samples were obtained by coccygeal venipuncture and processed through indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the Synbiotics® kit (Zoetis, New Jersey, USA) with a sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 98%, respectively. Data were processed using the statistical program EpiInfo® (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, Georgia). Results: A high seroprevalence of 57.5% was established. Seroprevalence was the highest in cattle >4 years of age (65.0% apparent seroprevalence [AS]; 67% true seroprevalence [TS]) and in the Holstein breed (65.5% AS; 67.8% TS). The breed and age of the animals were significantly associated with each other. The Holstein breed, age group >4 years, uncertified semen, and fetal death were established as risk factors for IBR. In comparison, the age groups of <1 and 1–2 years and the Normande breed were established as protective factors against the bovine herpesvirus-1 virus. Conclusion: Management factors, such as livestock from other owners and animal purchases, which affect disease presentation, are evident. The implementation and development of novel prevention and control measures for IBR at the national level are necessary.

BoHV‐1 affects abortion and progesterone in dairy cows Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV‐1) seropositivity, progesterone levels and embryo loss of 30‐day‐old pregnant dairy cows in Zagros Industrial Dairy Farm in Shahrekord: Examination and analysis

“…Foetal death has been demonstrated as a risk factor connected to the manifestation of IBR. This could be the case because, following viraemia, the virus passes through the placenta and into the foetus's bloodstream, lethally infecting it, killing it and then expelling it (Ortiz‐González et al., 2022 ). Although the path used by the virus to reach the foetus from the placenta is uncertain, persistent viral lesions found in the foetal liver point to the umbilical vein as the site of haematogenous spread (Ortiz‐González et al., 2022 ).…”

“…This could be the case because, following viraemia, the virus passes through the placenta and into the foetus's bloodstream, lethally infecting it, killing it and then expelling it (Ortiz‐González et al., 2022 ). Although the path used by the virus to reach the foetus from the placenta is uncertain, persistent viral lesions found in the foetal liver point to the umbilical vein as the site of haematogenous spread (Ortiz‐González et al., 2022 ). Based on the findings of this research, a high percentage of the studied samples were IBR positive, which can be related to abortion in IBR‐positive cows.…”

Bovine Alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) Infection in Cattle: An Overview of Epidemiology, Role of Envelope Proteins in Disease and Control

“…Prevalence of IBR is low in Slovenia 0.1% a due to ongoing eradication programmes (Hostnik et al, 2021) and in Spain region highest 99.92% (Dias et al, 2013). Pooled seroprevalence of IBR in China as per meta-analysis is 40.00% (Chen et al, 2018), prevalence in Colombia is 57.5% (Ortiz et al, 2022), Brazil, 71.30 (Abad et al, 2016 Mexico 76.32% (Posado et al, 2013) and Ethiopia, 25.6 (Tadeg et al, 2021).…”