Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with equineleptospirosis in the metropolitan region of Salvador and Recôncavo Baiano region, Bahia state (NE Brazil)

Siqueira, Cândida C.; Fraga, Deborah Bittencourt Mothé; Chagas-Junior, Adenizar D.; Athanazio, Daniel Abensur; Silva, Marta M. N.; Cerqueira, Robson Bahia; McBride, Flávia W. da C.; Pinna, Melissa Hanzen; Ayres, Maria Consuêlo Caribé

doi:10.1007/s11250-019-01956-5

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In agreement with the results of this study, co-grazing with cattle or other livestock also increased the risk of exposure to Leptospira for horses in South Africa [42]. Contact with livestock in neighbouring properties over fences or via shared drinking water sources was reported as a risk factor for horses in Brazil [36], though these specific factors were not significantly associated with the risk of exposure in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This study identified broodmares as having a higher risk of exposure to any serovar, and to Copenhageni and Ballum, compared to racehorses. Consistent with reports from other countries [ 33 , 34 , 36 , 37 ], age was also identified as being associated with an increased risk of exposure for several of the serovar-specific multivariable models. The temperate climate of New Zealand allows broodmares to be managed, and youngstock to be raised, year-round at pasture (in paddocks/fields) [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Pomona is reported to be the most common serovar causing clinical disease, such as ERU and abortions, in North America [34,35]. The most common serovars in horses in North America, Brazil, and Italy are Australis and Bratislava [30][31][32]36]. Neither of these serovars are considered endemic in New Zealand [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence of Leptospira in Racehorses and Broodmares in New Zealand

Bolwell

Rogers

Benschop

et al. 2020

Animals

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A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Leptospira in a cohort of horses and to evaluate potential risk factors for Leptospira seropositivity in horses in New Zealand. The convenience sample included 499 Thoroughbred racing and breeding horses from 25 commercial properties in North Island, New Zealand. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic data on horses and property-level information on grazing and management practices, pest (rodent) management, access to natural waterways, other livestock on the property, and possible contact with wildlife. The microscopic agglutination test was used to test sera for serovars Ballum, Copenhageni, Hardjo (bovis), Pomona, and Tarassovi. Logistic regression was used to investigate the risk factors for Leptospira seropositivity to at least one serovar and for each serovar individually. A total of 124 (25%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 21–29%) horses had positive titres to any one of the five serovars. The seroprevalence of Ballum, Copenhageni, Hardjo (bovis), Pomona, and Tarassovi was 5% (95% CI 3–7%), 9% (95% CI 7–12%), 6% (95% CI 4–8%), 6% (95% CI 4–8%), and 6% (95% CI 4–8%), respectively. Broodmares, compared to racehorses and alternately grazing horses with sheep, increased the odds of exposure to any one serovar, whilst grazing the same time as sheep and alternately grazing horses with cattle increased the odds of exposure to Ballum and Hardjo (bovis), respectively. Historical exposure to Leptospira in racing and breeding horses was identified, and risk factors were consistent with pasture-based exposure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Seroprevalence of Leptospira in Racehorses and Broodmares in New Zealand

Bolwell

Rogers

Benschop

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…Twenty of 52 tested farm animals in this study were seropositive, with primary reactivity to serovar Pomona in cattle and serovars Pomona and Icterohaemorrhagiae in horses. Serovars Pomona and Icterohaemorrhagiae have previously been shown to cause infection in these two hosts in many parts of the world [29,30,31]. Of the 20 MAT-positive animals, 13 were horses and 7 were cattle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Leptospiral Presence in the Cumberland Gap Region

et al. 2019

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BackgroundLeptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic disease that causes reproductive losses and/or hepatorenal failure in a number of animal species. Wild reservoirs of the disease, such as rodents, harbor the causative bacterium, Leptospira spp., in their kidneys and contaminate the environment by excreting infected urine. In this study, we tested small wild mammals, environmental water, and livestock in the Cumberland Gap region of southeastern Appalachia for the presence of pathogenic Leptospira or leptospiral antibodies.

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“…A (Gaudie et al, 2008;Ramirez-Ramirez et al, 2015) R* (Gaudie et al, 2008;Lau et al, 2017) SP (Boey et al, 2019) SP (Campos et al, 2017) A (Ellis and Michno, 1976) SP (Simbizi et al, 2016) SP (Lee et al, 2017) A (Arimitsu et al, 1989) SP (Barmettler et al, 2011) A (Arimitsu et al, 1989;Srinivas et al, 2013) Ballum A (Ferris et al, 1961) R* (Hathaway and Blackmore, 1981;Schuller et al, 2015) SP (Boey et al, 2019) SP (Yupiana et al, 2019) SP (Jung et al, 2010) SP (Yupiana et al, 2019) SP (Schuller et al, 2015) A (Matsui et al, 2015) Wolffii A (Zakeri et al, 2010) SP (Zakeri et al, 2010) SP (Boey et al, 2019) SP (Campos et al, 2017) SP (Siqueira et al, 2019) NE SP (Zakeri et al, 2010) SP (Tabata et al, 2002) Canicola A (Natarajaseenivasan et al, 2005;Ramirez-Ramirez et al, 2015) SP (Boey et al, 2019) R (Shenberg et al, 1977) SP (Zacarias et al, 2008;Campos et al, 2017) R (Zacarias et al, 2008) SP (Jung et al, 2010;Simbizi et al, 2016) SP (Lee et al, 2017) A…”

Section: The Complicated Relationship Of Leptospira and Various Host mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Immunological and Biological Equilibrium of Reservoir Hosts and Pathogenic Leptospira: Balancing the Solution to an Acute Problem?

Putz

Nally

2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Leptospirosis is a devastating zoonotic disease affecting people and animals across the globe. Pathogenic leptospires are excreted in urine of reservoir hosts which directly or indirectly leads to continued disease transmission, via contact with mucous membranes or a breach of the skin barrier of another host. Human fatalities approach 60,000 deaths per annum; though most vertebrates are susceptible to leptospirosis, complex interactions between host species and serovars of Leptospira can yield disease phenotypes that vary from asymptomatic shedding in reservoir hosts, to multiorgan failure in incidental hosts. Clinical symptoms of acute leptospirosis reflect the diverse range of pathogenic species and serovars that cause infection, the level of exposure, and the relationship of the pathogen with the given host. However, in all cases, pathogenic Leptospira are excreted into the environment via urine from reservoir hosts which are uniformly recognized as asymptomatic carriers. Therefore, the reservoir host serves as the cornerstone of persistent disease transmission. Although bacterin vaccines can be used to abate renal carriage and excretion in domestic animal species, there is an urgent need to advance our understanding of immune-mediated host-pathogen interactions that facilitate persistent asymptomatic carriage. This review summarizes the current understanding of host-pathogen interactions in the reservoir host and prioritizes research to unravel mechanisms that allow for colonization but not destruction of the host. This information is required to understand, and ultimately control, the transmission of pathogenic Leptospira.

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Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with equineleptospirosis in the metropolitan region of Salvador and Recôncavo Baiano region, Bahia state (NE Brazil)

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

Seroprevalence of Leptospira in Racehorses and Broodmares in New Zealand

Seroprevalence of Leptospira in Racehorses and Broodmares in New Zealand

Evidence of Leptospiral Presence in the Cumberland Gap Region

Investigating the Immunological and Biological Equilibrium of Reservoir Hosts and Pathogenic Leptospira: Balancing the Solution to an Acute Problem?

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