Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with ovine toxoplasmosis in Northeast Brazil

Andrade, Milena M. Clementino; Carneiro, Mariângela; Medeiros, Andréa Dantas de; Neto, Valter Andrade; Vítor, Ricardo Wagner Almeida

doi:10.1051/parasite/2013019

Cited by 43 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The seroprevalence results from the present study are in accordance with other results previously described in Brazil (PEREIRA et al, 2012;ANDRADE et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Application of different techniques to detect Toxoplasma gondii in slaughtered sheep for human consumption

Nunes

Silva²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The aim of this study was to investigate occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep slaughtered in the state of Alagoas, Brazil, by means of different diagnosis techniques. Serum samples and tissues from 100 slaughtered sheep were used. To detect antibodies, the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) was used, and tissues from seropositive animals (cut-off ≥1:64) were submitted to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). To assess the concordance between the direct techniques, the kappa test was used. In the IFAT, it was observed that 14% (14/100) of the ovine samples were serum-positive. In the PCR, 21.43% (3/14) of the animals were positive and in IHC, it was observed that 7.14% (1/14) were positively stained for T. gondii in cerebral tissue. Histopathologically, the predominant finding was the presence of mononuclear cell infiltrate in the heart and a perivascular cuff in the cerebrum and cerebellum. The concordance between the direct diagnosis techniques was moderate (k=0.44). Thus, it is important to use different direct techniques in diagnosing toxoplasmosis in naturally infected sheep.

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“…The seroprevalence results from the present study are in accordance with other results previously described in Brazil (PEREIRA et al, 2012;ANDRADE et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Application of different techniques to detect Toxoplasma gondii in slaughtered sheep for human consumption

Nunes

Silva²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…The reason for this may be that the most of B. indicus in DU used running water for drinking, as it was easily available. The present results were in accordance to those of Andrade et al (2013), who investigated seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in O. aires in Brazil and reported a higher infection in O. aries using running water for drinking purposes. Pinheiro et al (2009) also pointed out running water as a risk factor for toxoplasmosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Therefore, contaminated water led to infection, if used unfiltered (Dubey, 1998). Drinking water must be considered as a source for transmission of T. gondii infection (Andrade et al 2013). During the present research, a higher % of infected B. indicus using running water was recorded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Fajardo et al (2013) have also observed significant correlation between cattle seropositivity and presence of F. catus on the farms, while they investigated toxoplasmosis in cattle in Brazil. Similarly, Andrade et al (2013) have also reported a higher prevalence of toxoplasmosis in sheep, Ovis aries L 1758 in Brazil, where F. catus were present in the farms. Felis catus acted as definitive host for T. gondii and were necessary for the completion of its life cycle (Dubey, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasmosis in the cows (cattle), Bos indicus Linnaeus (Mammalia: Eutheria) from Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2017

Sci. Agric

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The Toxoplasma gondii (Nicole and Manceaux, 1908) (Apicomplexa: Coccidia) is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, causing toxoplasmosis in humans and cattle worldwide. In the current research, seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasmosis in the cows (cattle), Bos indicus Linnaeus 1758 (Mammalia: Eutheria) of Dir Upper (DU), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan were determined. Bos indicus (nt=250) including males (nm=86) and females (nf=164) were tested for the presence of antibodies to T. gondii using Latex Agglutination Test kit ® . Agglutination at 1:16 dilution was considered positive. A 14% overall prevalence was recorded. The antibody titers to T. gondii positive sera were 10%, 2%, 1% and 0% by dilution of 1:16, 1:32, 1:64 and 1:128, respectively. However, males were found more infected (16%) compared to females (12%). Moreover, the highest rate (16%) of infection was recorded in age 1-4 years, while the lowest (7%) was in 5-8 years. Further, no significant difference was found between toxoplasmosis and sex/age. Furthermore, infection was the highest (25%) in B. indicus with 5 pregnancies and no abortion was observed in infected B. indicus. In addition, presence of cats, Felis catus Linnaeus, in households, source of drinking water and type of management of B. indicus were risks for the same. In conclusion, toxoplasmosis is prevalent in B. indicus in DU. Prompt control measures and public awareness is recommended to lower the risk of infection with T. gondii.

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“…The first, conducted by Neto et al (2008) in the Eastern Seridó region, found that the seroprevalence for toxoplasmosis was 30.6%. Recently, our group observed seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies of 22.1% among sheep in the same State, and the age of the animals, presence of cats and use of unexposed water sources were risk factors for toxoplasmosis in sheep (CLEMENTINO ANDRADE et al, 2013). This value is close to those of previous observations in the same state: 29.4% and 20.7% of the sheep tested positive in the municipalities of Lajes and Mossoró, respectively (CLEMENTINO et al, 2007;SOARES et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in meat and dairy goat herds in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Medeiros

Andrade

Vitor

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which is the main causative agent of abortion in small ruminants. Goats are among the animals that are most susceptible to this protozoon, and the disease that it causes leads to significant economic losses and has implications for public health, since presence of the parasite in products of goat origin is one of the main sources of human infection. Because of the significant economic impact, there is an urgent need to study the prevalence of T. gondii infection among goats in Sertão do Cabugi, which is the largest goat-producing region in Rio Grande do Norte. In the present study, the ELISA assay was used to test 244 serum samples from nine farms, located in four different municipalities in the Sertão do Cabugi region, which is an important goat-rearing region. The results showed that the prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies was 47.1% and that there was a significant association between positivity and the variables of age (≥ 34 months), location (Lajes, Angicos and Afonso Bezerra) and farm (all the farms). The avidity test was applied to all the 115 ELISA-positive samples to distinguish between acute and chronic infection. One hundred and three samples (89.6%) displayed high-avidity antibodies, thus indicating that most of the animals presented chronic infection, with a consequent great impact on the development of the goat production system and a risk to human health.Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii infection, goats, avidity ELISA, anti-T. gondii antibodies, risk factors. ResumoA toxoplasmose é causada pelo Toxoplasma gondii, principal agente causador de aborto em pequenos ruminantes. Os caprinos são uns dos animais mais suscetíveis a esse protozoário, levando a perdas econômicas significativas e implicações para a saúde pública, uma vez que a presença do parasito em produtos de origem caprina é uma das principais fontes de infecção humana. Devido ao impacto econômico significativo torna-se urgente estudar a prevalência da infecção, pelo T. gondii, entre caprinos do Sertão do Cabugi, a maior região produtora de caprinos no Rio Grande do Norte. O presente estudo utilizou o ELISA para testar 244 amostras de soro de 9 fazendas, situadas em 4 diferentes cidades na região do Sertão do Cabugi; uma importante região de criação de cabras. Os resultados mostraram uma prevalência de 47,1% para anticorpos anti-T. gondii e uma significativa associação entre a positividade e as variáveis idade (≥ 34 meses), localização (Lajes, Angicos e Afonso Bezerra e propriedade (todas as fazendas). O teste de avidez foi aplicado a todas as 115 amostras positivas pelo ELISA para discriminar entre infecção aguda e crônica. Cento e três amostras (89,6%) apresentaram anticorpos de alta avidez; indicando que a maioria dos animais estavam em infecção crônica, gerando um grande impacto sobre o desenvolvimento do sistema de produção em cabras e um risco para a saúde humana.Palavras-chave: Infecção por Toxoplasma gondii, caprinos, ELISA de avidez, anticorpos anti-T.gondii, fatores de risco.

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Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with ovine toxoplasmosis in Northeast Brazil

Cited by 43 publications

References 28 publications

Application of different techniques to detect Toxoplasma gondii in slaughtered sheep for human consumption

Application of different techniques to detect Toxoplasma gondii in slaughtered sheep for human consumption

Seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasmosis in the cows (cattle), Bos indicus Linnaeus (Mammalia: Eutheria) from Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in meat and dairy goat herds in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

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