Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Babesia caballi and Theileria equi infections in donkeys from Southern Italy

Piantedosi, Diego; D’Alessio, Nicola; Loria, Antonio Di; Prisco, Francesca Di; Mariani, Ugo; Neola, Benedetto; Santoro, M.; Montagnaro, Serena; Capelli, Gioia; Veneziano, Vincenzo

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.09.025

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…On the other hand, donkeys and mules showed a higher seroprevalence to B. caballi when compared to that found among sampled horses. These seroprevalence rates were lower than those found among donkeys sampled in São Paulo state for both T. equi and B. caballi (MACHADO et al, 2012;PIANTEDOSI et al, 2014;LAUS et al, 2015) and in horses from southeastern SALVAGNI et al, 2010;PFEIFER BARBOSA et al, 1995;HEUCHERT et al, 1999;HEIM et al, 2007;KERBER et al, 2009) and southern regions (VIEIRA et al, 2013) of Brazil.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Genetic diversity of piroplasmids species in equids from island of São Luís, northeastern Brazil

Braga

Costa

Gomes

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Equine piroplasmosisis, a tick-borne disease caused by the intra-erythrocytic protozoans Babesia caballi and Theileria equi, has economic importance due to the international trade and the increased movement of horses all over the world. The goal of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of phylogenetic diversity of T. equi and B. caballi genotypes among infected equids from São Luís Island, state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. Between December of 2011 and June of 2012, EDTA-blood and serum samples were collected from 139 equids (90 donkeys, 39 horses and 10 mules). From 139 serum samples submitted to ELISA assay, IgG antibodies to T. equi and B. caballi were detected in 19.4% (27/139) and 25.2% (35/139), respectively. Among sampled animals, 21.6% (30/139) and 55.4% (77/139) were positive for cPCR assays for T. equi and B. caballi, based on ema-1 and rap-1 genes, respectively. Overall, the T. equi sequences (n=7) submitted to Maximum Likelihood analysis (based on a 18S rRNA fragment of 1700 bp after alignment) grouped into three main groups, which were subdivided in eight clusters. The present work showed that different genotypes of T. equi and B. caballi circulate among equids in Brazil.Keywords: Babesia caballi, Theileria equi, phylogeny, 18S rRNA. ResumoA piroplasmose equina, uma doença transmitida por carrapatos e causada pelos protozoários intra-eritrocíticos Babesia caballi e Theileria equi, tem importância econômica devido ao comércio internacional e ao aumento do movimento de cavalos em todo o mundo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi mostrar a diversidade filogenética de T. equi e B. caballi infectando cavalos, burros e jumentos na Ilha de São Luís, Estado do Maranhão, Nordeste do Brasil. Entre dezembro de 2011 e junho de 2012, amostras de sangue com EDTA e soro de foram coletadas de 139 equídeos (90 jumentos, 39 cavalos e 10 burros). Dentre as 139 amostras de soro submetidas ao ensaio de ELISA, foram detectados anticorpos IgG contra T. equi e B. caballi em 19,4% (27/139) e 25,2% (35/139), respectivamente. Entre os animais amostrados, 21,6% (30/139) e 55,4% (77/139) foram positivos por meio dos ensaios de cPCR para T. equi e B. caballi, com base nos genes ema-1 e rap-1, respectivamente. No geral, as sequências T. equi (n = 7) submetidas à análise de Máxima Verossimilhança (baseada em um fragmento do 18S rRNA de 1700 pb, após o alinhamento) foram agrupadas em três grupos principais, os quais foram subdivididos em oito grupos. O presente trabalho mostrou que diferentes genótipos de T. equi e B. caballi circulam entre equídeos no Brasil.Palavras-chave: Babesia caballi, Theileria equi, filogenia, 18S rRNA.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Genetic diversity of piroplasmids species in equids from island of São Luís, northeastern Brazil

Braga

Costa

Gomes

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…The higher probability of A. platys infections in young dogs in our study was already been recorded in a previous study in Africa [70], most likely due to a primary exposure of juvenile individuals to the pathogen [71,72] and might be related to the lower levels CD8 T lymphocytes found in young dogs [73], which has a role in clearance of rickettsial infections [74]. In agreement with our results, other studies found that dogs infested with R. sanguineus were more likely to be infected with or exposed to Anaplasma than uninfested dogs [60,75,76]. Overall, our results suggest that the risk of infection with A. platy is more associated with the tick abundance than just the presence of the tick.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Canine vector-borne pathogens in rural dogs in Chile: molecular survey and co-infection patterns

Cevidanes

Cataldo

Martín

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Canine vector-borne pathogens (CVBP) comprises a relevant and globally distributed group of disease agents. The aim of this study is to determine de co-occurrence of the most relevant CVBP of veterinary and zoonotic interest, in free-ranging, owned, rural dogs of central Chile, and to evaluate risk factors and potential “hidden” hematological alterations associated to pathogen co-infection by two or more pathogens.Methods: Nine groups of canine vector-borne pathogens (CVBP) were molecularly investigated in 111 free-ranging, owned rural dogs in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. Results: At least one pathogen was detected in 75% of the dogs. The most prevalent agent was Anaplasma platys (36%), followed by Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum (CMhp; 31%), Mycoplasma haemocanis (Mhc; 28%), Trypanosoma cruzi (17%), Leishmania spp. (4.5%) and Acanthocheilonema reconditum (1%). DNA of Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp., Piroplasmida and Hepatozoon spp. was not detected. Thirty-eight dogs (34%) were coinfected, either by two (n=20), three (n=7), or four agents (n=1). The most common co-infection pattern was CMhp – Mhc (n=14). CMhp was involved in 71%, Mhc in 58%, and A. platys in 50% of the co-infections. Prevalence of A. platys was higher in juvenile than in adult dogs, whereas the opposite was found for CMhp and Mhc. Adult dogs had five times more probabilities of being coinfected than young animals. Dogs positive for A. platys were infested by a larger number of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks than uninfected individuals. At clinical evaluation, most of the animals were considered healthy, with only eight dogs (7%) presenting pale mucous membranes. Co-infected animals showed higher white blood cell count, segmented neutrophil count and GGT levels than non-co-infected dogs. Conclusions: This study represents the first report of Leishmania sp. in Chile. Clinically healthy but infected dogs as those studied here may act as reservoirs of CVBP, potentially contributing to the spread of these pathogens to other tick-exposed dogs as well as human beings or protected wild carnivores.

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“…However, whether similar effects exist for equine piroplasm infection may require further research. The prevalence of T. equi infection was higher (28.1%) in the horse population as compared with donkeys/mules (25.0%), which differs from previous studies conducted in India and Italy [33,34]. In these previous studies, the donkeys/mules possessed higher positive rates than the horses, because donkeys/mules are primarily used as working equids and are generally reared in poor living conditions, which may increase the chances of contact with infected tick vectors and other ruminants.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

First report of genetic diversity and risk factor analysis of equine piroplasm infection in equids in Jilin, China

et al. 2020

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Background Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne hemoprotozoan disease of equids, caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi. Equine piroplasmosis represents a serious challenge to the equine industry due to important economic losses worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi infections in equids from Jilin Province, China. Methods A total of 220 blood samples (192 horses and 28 donkeys/mules) were collected from March 2018 to October 2019 in five districts of Jilin Province and analyzed by PCR. Potential risk factors, including the region, sex, management, and host species of the animals were assessed in relation to T. equi infection. Moreover, the V4 hypervariable region of the T. equi 18S rRNA gene was analyzed to identify specific genotypes. Results The overall prevalence of T. equi in equids was 27.7%, whereas B. caballi infection was not identified. The district with the highest positive rate was Baicheng (43.3%), followed by Tonghua (28.9%), Yanbian (26.4%), Jilin (23.3%), and Liaoyuan (20.9%). The sex of the animals and farm management were identified as main risk factors, which were significantly associated with the prevalence of Equine piroplasmosis (P < 0.05). The risk factor analysis indicated that the females were at a higher risk (OR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.17–5.27) of being infected compared to the males, whereas the organized farm was protective factor (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.22–0.80). The phylogenetic analyses revealed that there were two T. equi genotypes (A and E) in Jilin. Conclusions Our findings provided important epidemiological data for the prevention and control of T. equi infection in Jilin, China.

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Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Babesia caballi and Theileria equi infections in donkeys from Southern Italy

Cited by 27 publications

References 37 publications

Genetic diversity of piroplasmids species in equids from island of São Luís, northeastern Brazil

Genetic diversity of piroplasmids species in equids from island of São Luís, northeastern Brazil

Canine vector-borne pathogens in rural dogs in Chile: molecular survey and co-infection patterns

First report of genetic diversity and risk factor analysis of equine piroplasm infection in equids in Jilin, China

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