Seroprevalence and risk factors for &lt;i&gt;Coxiella burnetii&lt;/i&gt;, the causative agent of Q fever in the dromedary camel (&lt;i&gt;Camelus dromedarius&lt;/i&gt;) population in Algeria

Benaissa, Mohammed Hocine; Ansel, Samir; Abdallah, Mohamed-Cherif; Benfodil, Karima; Khelef, Djamel; Youngs, Curtis R.; Kaidi, Rachid; Aït-Oudhia, Khatima

doi:10.4102/ojvr.v84i1.1461

Cited by 34 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Seroprevalence of Q-fever in camels was statistically significant associated with age (p<0.001). This was comparable with the study of [63]. Another studies showed that, like in our study-increasing age increased the seroprevalence of Q-fever in all livestock species [64–66] which is not surprising given the cumulative time of potential exposure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Sero-prevalence of brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley Fever in humans and livestock in Somali region, Ethiopia

Ibrahim

Schelling

Zinsstag

et al. 2020

Preprint

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14Information on zoonotic diseases in humans and livestock are limited in pastoral/agro-pastoral 15 communities in Ethiopia. A multi-stage cross sectional cluster design study was implemented with the 16 aim to establish the seroprevalence of zoonotic diseases including brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley 17 Fever (RVF) in humans and livestock in Adadle woreda of the Somali region, Ethiopia. Blood samples 18 were collected from humans and livestock and tested by relevant serological tests. For brucellosis, 19 Rose Bengal test (RBT) and indirect ELISA was used for screening and confirmatory diagnosis 20 respectively. Indirect and competitive ELISA were also used for Q-fever and RVF respectively. The 21 individual seropositivity of Q-fever in livestock was 9.6% (95% CI 5.9-15.1) in cattle, 55.7% (95% CI 22 46.0-65.0) in camels, 48.8% (95% CI 42.5-55.0) in goats, and 28.9% (95% CI 25.0-33.2) in sheep. In 23 humans, seropositivity of Q-fever was 27.0% (95% CI 20.4-34.0), with prevalence in males of 28.9% vs 24 24.2% in females (OR= 1.3; 95% CI 0.6-2.5). Camel seropositivity of Q-fever was significantly associated 25 with age (OR= 8.1; 95% CI 2.8-23.7). The individual apparent seroprevalence of RVF was 13.2% (95% 2 26 CI 8.7-18.8) in humans, 17.9 % (95% CI 11.0-27.8) in cattle, 42.6% (95% CI 34.8-50.7) in camels, 6.3% 27 (95% CI 3.3-11.6) in goats and 7.4% (95% CI 4.7-11.5) in sheep. Camels had the highest seropositivity 28 of both Q-fever (55.7%; 95% CI 46.0-65.0) and RVF (42.6%; 95% CI 34.8-50.7). Only a weak correlation 29 was observed between human and livestock seropositivity for both Q-fever and RVF. Only cattle and 30 camels were seropositive for brucellosis by iELISA. The individual seroprevalence of brucellosis was 31 2.8(0.9-6.4) in humans, 1.5% (95% CI 0.2-5.2) in cattle and 0.6% (95% CI 0.0-3.2) in camels. This study 32showed the importance of zoonoses in Somali regional state and is the first published study to describe 33 RVF exposure in humans and livestock in the country. Collaboration between public and animal health 34 sectors for further investigation on these zoonoses using the One Health concept is indispensable. 35

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Sero-prevalence of brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley Fever in humans and livestock in Somali region, Ethiopia

Ibrahim

Schelling

Zinsstag

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Recently, a study revealed a high seroprevalence of C . burnetii infection in camel populations in south-eastern Algeria, providing strong evidence that Q fever represents a public health and veterinary concern in Algeria [ 69 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body lice of homeless people reveal the presence of several emerging bacterial pathogens in northern Algeria

et al. 2018

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BackgroundHuman lice, Pediculus humanus, are obligate blood-sucking parasites. Body lice, Pediculus h. humanus, occur in two divergent mitochondrial clades (A and D) each exhibiting a particular geographic distribution. Currently, the body louse is recognized as the only vector for louse-borne diseases. In this study, we aimed to study the genetic diversity of body lice collected from homeless populations in three localities of northern Algeria, and to investigate louse-borne pathogens in these lice.Methodology/Principal findingsIn this study, 524 body lice specimens were collected from 44 homeless people in three localities: Algiers, Tizi Ouzou and Boumerdès located in northern Algeria. Duplex clade specific real-time PCRs (qPCR) and Cytochrome b (cytb) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis were performed in order to identify the mitochondrial clade. Screening of louse-borne pathogens bacteria was based on targeting specific genes for each pathogen using qPCR supplemented by sequencing. All body lice belong to clade A. Through amplification and sequencing of the cytb gene we confirmed the presence of three haplotypes: A5, A9 and A63, which is novel. The molecular investigation of the 524 body lice samples revealed the presence of four human pathogens: Bartonella quintana (13.35%), Coxiella burnetii (10.52%), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (0.76%) and Acinetobacter species (A. baumannii, A. johnsonii, A. berezeniae, A. nosocomialis and A. variabilis, in total 46.94%).Conclusions/SignificanceTo the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to show the genetic diversity and presence of several emerging pathogenic bacteria in homeless’ body lice from Algeria. We also report for the first time, the presence of several species of Acinetobacter in human body lice. Our results highlight the fact that body lice may be suspected as being a much broader vector of several pathogenic agents than previously thought. Nevertheless, other studies are needed to encourage epidemiological investigations and surveys of louse-associated infections.

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“…Studies in Saudi Arabia reported a seroprevalence around 50 to 60% of dromedary camels, with the most recent investigation reporting a seroprevalence of 51.5% in 489 camels from Saudi Arabia, whereas the seroprevalence was 34.0% in goats, 30.7% in cattle, and 12.4% in sheep, respectively (372,376,377). A serosurvey performed in Algeria revealed that 71.2% of dromedary camels had circulating C. burnetii Ig (378). A recent study conducted in Kenya confirmed that the highest seroprevalence was in dromedary camels (20%), followed by goats (18%), sheep (13%), and cattle (6%) (379).…”

Section: Camels: Another Animal Reservoir Of C Burnetii Besides Rumimentioning

confidence: 99%

Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East?

et al. 2020

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The "One Health" concept recognizes that human health is connected to animal health and to the ecosystems. Coxiella burnetii-induced human Q fever is one of the most widespread neglected zoonosis. The main animal reservoirs responsible for C. burnetii transmission to humans are domesticated ruminants, primarily goats, sheep, and cattle. Although studies are still too sparse to draw definitive conclusions, the most recent C. burnetii serosurvey studies conducted in herds and farms in Africa, North Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and Asia highlighted that seroprevalence was strikingly higher in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) than in other ruminants. The C. burnetii seroprevalence in camel herds can reach more than 60% in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan, and 70 to 80% in Algeria and Chad, respectively. The highest seroprevalence was in female camels with a previous history of abortion. Moreover, C. burnetii infection was reported in ticks of the Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma impeltatum species collected on camels. Even if dromedary camels represent <3% of the domesticated ruminants in the countries of the Mediterranean basin Southern coast, these animals play a major socioeconomic role for millions of people who live in the arid zones of Africa, Middle East, and Asia. In Chad and Somalia, camels account for about 7 and 21% of domesticated ruminants, respectively. To meet the growing consumers demand of camel meat and milk (>5 million tons/year of both raw and pasteurized milk according to the Food and Agriculture Organization) sustained by a rapid increase of population (growth rate: 2.26-3.76 per year in North Africa), dromedary camel breeding tends to increase from the Maghreb to the Arabic countries. Because of possible long-term persistence of C. burnetii in camel hump adipocytes, this pathogen could represent a threat for herds and breeding farms and ultimately for public health. Because this review highlights a hyperendemia of C. burnetii in dromedary camels, a proper screening of herds and breeding farms for C. burnetii is urgently needed in countries where camel breeding is on the rise. Moreover, the risk of C. burnetii transmission from camel to human should be further evaluated.

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Seroprevalence and risk factors for <i>Coxiella burnetii</i>, the causative agent of Q fever in the dromedary camel (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>) population in Algeria

Cited by 34 publications

References 52 publications

Sero-prevalence of brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley Fever in humans and livestock in Somali region, Ethiopia

Sero-prevalence of brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley Fever in humans and livestock in Somali region, Ethiopia

Body lice of homeless people reveal the presence of several emerging bacterial pathogens in northern Algeria

Coxiella burnetii in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Possible Threat for Humans and Livestock in North Africa and the Near and Middle East?

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