Seroprevalence of Anti-S1-RBD Antibodies in Pre-pandemic and Pandemic Subjects From Hail Region, KSA

Sherwani, Subuhi; Khan, Mohd Wajid Ali; Mallik, Arshi; Khan, M. Salman; Saleem, Mohd; Raafat, Mohamed; Shati, Ayed A.; Alam, Noor

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.874741

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 39 publications

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“…In this study, we found that several samples from the pre-pandemic era show high anti-RBD titers. Similar results have been reported by other studies, which suggested that the positivity shown by the samples from the pre-pandemic era might be due to cross-reactivity by previous infection with other coronaviruses, such as common cold-causing coronavirus [49,50].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Comparison between Neutralization Capacity of Antibodies Elicited by COVID-19 Natural Infection and Vaccination in Indonesia: A Prospective Cohort

Nurisyah,

Iyori,

Hasyim

et al. 2023

Antibodies

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Background: To fight the COVID-19 pandemic, immunity against SARS-CoV-2 should be achieved not only through natural infection but also by vaccination. The effect of COVID-19 vaccination on previously infected persons is debatable. Methods: A prospective cohort was undergone to collect sera from unvaccinated survivors and vaccinated persons—with and without COVID-19 pre-infection. The sera were analyzed for the anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) titers by ELISA and for the capacity to neutralize the pseudovirus of the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain by luciferase assays. Results: Neither the antibody titers nor the neutralization capacity was significantly different between the three groups. However, the correlation between the antibody titers and the percentage of viral neutralization derived from sera of unvaccinated survivors was higher than that from vaccinated persons with pre-infection and vaccinated naïve individuals (Spearman correlation coefficient (r) = −0.8558; 95% CI, −0.9259 to −0.7288), p < 0.0001 vs. −0.7855; 95% CI, −0.8877 to −0.6096, p < 0.0001 and −0.581; 95% CI, −0.7679 to −0.3028, p = 0.0002, respectively), indicating the capacity to neutralize the virus is most superior by infection alone. Conclusions: Vaccines induce anti-RBD titers as high as the natural infection with lower neutralization capacity, and it does not boost immunity in pre-infected persons.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Comparison between Neutralization Capacity of Antibodies Elicited by COVID-19 Natural Infection and Vaccination in Indonesia: A Prospective Cohort

Nurisyah,

Iyori,

Hasyim

et al. 2023

Antibodies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Increased inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress enhanced antibody production in breast and prostate cancer patients with COVID-19 related depression

et al. 2023

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Cancer management is highly dependent on the immune status of the patient. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a large number of people suffered from anxiety and depression, especially cancer patients. The effect of depression on breast cancer (BC) and prostate cancer (PC) patients, during the pandemic has been analyzed in this study. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6) and oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl content (CC) were estimated in patients’ serum samples. Serum antibodies against in vitro hydroxyl radical (•OH) modified pDNA (•OH-pDNA-Abs) were estimated using direct binding and inhibition ELISA. Cancer patients showed increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6) and oxidative stress markers (MDA and CC levels), which were further significantly enhanced in cancer patients with depression compared to normal healthy (NH) individuals. Increased levels of •OH-pDNA-Abs were detected in breast cancer (0.506 ± 0.063) and prostate cancer (0.441 ± 0.066) patients compared to NH subjects. Serum antibodies were found to be significantly elevated in BC patients with depression (BCD) (0.698 ± 0.078) and prostate cancer patients with depression (PCD) (0.636 ± 0.058). Inhibition ELISA also exhibited significantly high percent inhibition in BCD (68.8% ± 7.8%) and PCD (62.9% ± 8.3%) subjects compared to BC (48.9% ± 8.1%), and PC (43.4% ± 7.5%) subjects. Cancer is characterized by enhanced oxidative stress and increased inflammation, which may be exaggerated with COVID-19 related depression. High oxidative stress and compromised antioxidant homeostasis exerts alterations in DNA, leading to formation of neo-antigens, subsequently leading to the generation of antibodies. COVID-19 pandemic related depression needs to be addressed globally for improved cancer patient care and cancer disease management.

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Increased Levels of Autoantibodies against ROS-Modified Proteins in Depressed Individuals with Decrease in Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Antigen (S1-RBD)

Sherwani

Raafat

Saravanan

et al. 2022

CIMB

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Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease management is highly dependent on the immune status of the infected individual. An increase in the incidence of depression has been observed during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Autoantibodies against in vitro reactive oxygen species (ROS) modified BSA and Lys as well as antibodies against receptor binding domain subunit S1 (S1-RBD) (S1-RBD-Abs) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were estimated using direct binding and competition ELISA. Serum samples were also tested for fasting blood glucose (FBG), malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl content (CC), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Significant structural changes were observed in ROS modified BSA and Lys. Female depressed subjects who were also smokers (F-D-S) showed the highest levels of oxidative stress (MDA and CC levels). Similarly, increased levels of autoantibodies against ROS modified proteins were detected in F-D-S subjects, in males who were depressed and in smokers (M-D-S) compared to the other subjects from the rest of the groups. However, contrary to this observation, levels of S1-RBD-Abs were found to be lowest in the F-D-S and M-D-S groups. During the pandemic, large numbers of individuals have experienced depression, which may induce excessive oxidative stress, causing modifications in circulatory proteins. Thus, the formation of neo-antigens is induced, which lead to the generation of autoantibodies. The concomitant effect of increased autoantibodies with elevated levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α possibly tilt the immune balance toward autoantibody generation rather than the formation of S1-RBD-Abs. Thus, it is important to identify individuals who are at risk of depression to determine immune status and facilitate the better management of COVID-19.

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Seroprevalence of Anti-S1-RBD Antibodies in Pre-pandemic and Pandemic Subjects From Hail Region, KSA

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Comparison between Neutralization Capacity of Antibodies Elicited by COVID-19 Natural Infection and Vaccination in Indonesia: A Prospective Cohort

Comparison between Neutralization Capacity of Antibodies Elicited by COVID-19 Natural Infection and Vaccination in Indonesia: A Prospective Cohort

Increased inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress enhanced antibody production in breast and prostate cancer patients with COVID-19 related depression

Increased Levels of Autoantibodies against ROS-Modified Proteins in Depressed Individuals with Decrease in Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Antigen (S1-RBD)

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