Seroprevalence of antibodies to enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 among people of various age groups in a northeast province of Thailand

Lerdsamran, Hatairat; Prasertsopon, Jarunee; Mungaomklang, Anek; Klinmalai, Chompunuch; Noisumdaeng, Pirom; Sangsiriwut, Kantima; Tassaneetrithep, Boonrat; Guntapong, Ratigorn; Iamsirithaworn, Sopon; Puthavathana, Pilaipan

doi:10.1186/s12985-018-1074-8

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The lowest levels of seropositivity of NT against EV-A71, CV-A6, and CV-A16 were found in household contacts aged less than the 5 years old group; only a half of those were seropositive, which are consistent with the previous studies [ 19 – 21 ]. We observed the highest NT levels in those aged 20-34 years old group, suggesting a more recent infection in this age group [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Incidence of Infection of Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackieviruses A6 and A16 among Household Contacts of Index Cases in Dong Thap Province, Southern Vietnam

Hoang

Nguyen

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Background. Scarce information exists about immunity to hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) among household contacts of index cases in Vietnam and what that means for reducing ongoing HFMD transmission in the community. Methods. We analyzed neutralizing antibodies (NT) and the incidence of enterovirus (EVs) infection among household contacts of index cases in a province where HFMD remains endemic. Throat swab and 2 mL blood samples from household contacts were collected at enrollment, during and after 2 weeks follow-up. Results. The incidence of EV-A71 infection among household contacts was 40/84 (47.6%, 95% Cl: 36.9-58.3%), compared with 106/336 (31.5%, 95% Cl: 26.6-36.5%) for CV-A6 and 36/107 (33.6%, 95% Cl: 24.7-42.6%) for CV-A16. The incidence of CV-A6 infection was fairly constant across ages; in contrast, CV-A71 and CV-A16 had some variation across ages. At baseline, higher geometric mean titer (GMT) of EV-A71, CV-A6, and CV-A16 antibody titers was found for 25-34-year groups (range 216.3 to 305.0) compared to the other age groups. There was a statistically significant difference in GMT values of CV-A6 and CV-A16 between those who had an infection or did not have infection among households with an index case of these serotypes. Conclusions. Our results indicated that adults were becoming infected with HFMD and could be contributing to the transmission. There is, therefore, a need for considering the household setting as an additional target for intervention programs for HFMD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Incidence of Infection of Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackieviruses A6 and A16 among Household Contacts of Index Cases in Dong Thap Province, Southern Vietnam

Hoang

Nguyen

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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“…The present study conducted the microNT assay as described previously [ 19 ]. Vero cells (African green monkey kidney cells—ATCC, CCL-81) were grown in Eagle’s minimum essential medium (EMEM) (Gibco, NY) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco, NY), antibiotics, and amphotericin B. SARS-CoV-2 (hCoV-19/TH/MUMT-4/2020) was isolated and propagated in Vero cell cultures maintained in EMEM supplemented with 2% FBS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of different platforms for the detection of anti-SARS coronavirus-2 antibodies, Thailand

et al. 2021

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Background Antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) help determine previous infection in individuals, regardless of whether they are asymptomatic or symptomatic. The detection of antibodies serves several purposes, including supporting other assays for disease diagnosis, conducting seroepidemiological studies, and evaluating vaccines. Many platforms of immunological methods for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection and their performance require validation. Methods This study evaluated the test performance of three autoanalyzer-based assays (Architect IgG, Vitros IgG, and Vitros total Ig) and one manual ELISA (Wantai total Ig) against a microneutralization (microNT) assay on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Furthermore, an indirect immunofluorescence assay verified the discordant results between the microNT and commercial assays. The test sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were determined based on four groups of 1005 serum samples: 102 COVID-19 prepandemic sera, 45 anti-SARS-CoV-2 positive sera, 366 sera of people at risk, and 492 sera of citizens returning from countries with a high prevalence of infection. Results The analyses as a whole showed that the performance of these commercial assays was comparable. Each group was also analysed separately to gain further insight into test performance. The Architect did not detect two positive sera of people at risk (prevalence of infection 0.55%). The other methods correctly identified these two positive sera but yielded varying false-positive results. The group of returning travellers with an infection rate of 28.3% (139 of 492) better differentiated the test performance of individual assays. Conclusions High-throughput Architect and Vitros autoanalyzers appear appropriate for working on large sample sizes in countries that can afford the cost. The Wantai ELISA, while requiring more individual time and technical skill, may provide reliable results at a lower cost. The selection of assays will depend on the laboratory facilities and feasibility.

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“…As shown in Table 1, the age-specific seroprevalences of EV-A71 neutralizing antibody were 14.9% at under 0.5 year, 17.2% at 0.5-0.9 year, 23.5% at 1-1.9 years, 29.4% at 2-2.9 years, 57.6% at 3-3.9 years, 62.3% at 4-4.9 years, 66.1% at 5-5.9 years, 76.5% at 6-6.9 years, 68.6% at 7-7.9 years, 85.7% at 8-8.9 years and 75.5% at over 9 years. The median age of infection (50% seroprevalence) was about 3 years in southern Vietnam, which is much lower than that in Singapore (>17 years) and Taiwan (>15 years) but is higher than that in Cambodia (1.5 years) and similar to China (3.1 years) ( Table 1) [17][18][19][20][21]. In another study collecting sera after the 2005 epidemic in HCMC, seroprevalences of EV-A71 antibody were 5.6% at 1 years of age and 12.2% at 2 years of age [22], which indicate that more young children under 3 years of age were infected in the 2011 epidemic (15.8% at 1 years of age; 23.5% at 2 years of age) than in the 2005 epidemic (S2 Table) [ [22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Seroprevalence of EV-A71 neutralizing antibodies following the 2011 epidemic in HCMC, Vietnam

et al. 2020

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Enterovirus-A71 (EV-A71) cyclically causes hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics in Asian children. An EV-A71 epidemic occurred in Southern Vietnam in 2011, but its scale is not clear. We collected residual sera from non-HFMD Vietnamese inpatients in 2012-2013 to determine seroprevalence of EV-A71 neutralizing antibodies, and measured cross-reactive neutralizing antibody titers against three EV-A71 genogroups. About 23.5% of 1-yearold children in Southern Vietnam has been infected by EV-A71, and the median age of infection was estimated to be 3 years. No significant antigenic variation could be detected among the three EV-A71 genogroups. The high seroprevalence of EV-A71 neutralizing antibody in children living in southern Vietnam indicates the necessity of introducing EV-A71 vaccines in southern Vietnam, particularly for children under 6 months of age. Moreover, it is critical to understand EV-A71 disease burden for formulating national vaccination policy. Author summaryEnterovirus-A71 (EV-A71), a member of the enterovirus genus, is a virulent pathogen causing neurological complications. EV-A71 mainly spreads through oral-fecal or oraloral transmission, as well as respiratory droplets. EV-A71 outbreaks have cyclically occurred throughout some Asian countries since 1997, with millions of people affected. The presence of serum neutralizing antibodies to EV-A71 can represent the prevalence of previous EV-A71 infections and seroprevalence studies are widely used to understand prevalence of infectious diseases. The results of our study demonstrate that about 50% of young children under 3 years of age were infected during the 2011 epidemic in southern Vietnam. The high seroprevalence of EV-A71 neutralizing antibody in children living in southern Vietnam indicates the necessity of introducing EV-A71 vaccines, particularly for children under 6 months of age. Moreover, it is critical to understand EV-A71 disease burden for formulating national vaccination policy in the future. PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASESPLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases | https://doi.

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Seroprevalence of antibodies to enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 among people of various age groups in a northeast province of Thailand

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

Incidence of Infection of Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackieviruses A6 and A16 among Household Contacts of Index Cases in Dong Thap Province, Southern Vietnam

Incidence of Infection of Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackieviruses A6 and A16 among Household Contacts of Index Cases in Dong Thap Province, Southern Vietnam

Evaluation of different platforms for the detection of anti-SARS coronavirus-2 antibodies, Thailand

Seroprevalence of EV-A71 neutralizing antibodies following the 2011 epidemic in HCMC, Vietnam

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