Seroprevalence of avian influenza in Baltic common eiders (Somateria mollissima) and pink-footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus)

Lam, Su Shiung; Tjørnløv, Rune Skjold; Therkildsen, Ole; Christensen, Thomas Kjær; Madsen, Jesper; Daugaard-Petersen, Tobias; Castaño-Ortiz, J.M.; Peng, Wanxi; Charbonneaux, Maël; Rivas, Esteban Iglesias; Garbus, Svend-Erik; Lyngs, Peter; Siebert, Ursula; Dietz, Runé; Maier-Sam, Kristina; Lierz, Michael; Tombre, Ingunn; Andersen-Ranberg, Emilie; Sonne, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105873

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A seroprevalence of 47 % to avian influenza A virus was found in pink-footed geese sampled during the spring roost in Central Norway (Svalbard breeding population) between 2016 and 2018 [ 13 ]. Of the seropositive birds, 3 % (12/417) of the pink-footed geese had been exposed to the subtypes H5 and/or H7 [ 13 ]. Considering that HPAI viruses found in nature have almost always contained the H5 or H7 hemagglutinin, one may hypothesize that HPAI has circulated among pink-footed geese visiting Norway in previous years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Norway

et al. 2021

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Background Several outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) caused by influenza A virus of subtype H5N8 have been reported in wild birds and poultry in Europe during autumn 2020. Norway is one of the few countries in Europe that had not previously detected HPAI virus, despite widespread active monitoring of both domestic and wild birds since 2005. Results We report detection of HPAI virus subtype H5N8 in a wild pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus), and several other geese, ducks and a gull, from south-western Norway in November and December 2020. Despite previous reports of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI), this constitutes the first detections of HPAI in Norway. Conclusions The mode of introduction is unclear, but a northward migration of infected geese or gulls from Denmark or the Netherlands during the autumn of 2020 is currently our main hypothesis for the introduction of HPAI to Norway. The presence of HPAI in wild birds constitutes a new, and ongoing, threat to the Norwegian poultry industry, and compliance with the improved biosecurity measures on poultry farms should therefore be ensured. [MK1]Finally, although HPAI of subtype H5N8 has been reported to have very low zoonotic potential, this is a reminder that HPAI with greater zoonotic potential in wild birds may pose a threat in the future. [MK1]Updated with a sentence emphasizing the risk HPAI pose to poultry farms, both in the Abstract and in the Conclusion-section in main text, as suggested by Reviewer 1 (#7).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Norway

et al. 2021

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show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A seroprevalence of 47% to avian in uenza A virus was found in pink-footed geese sampled during the spring roost in Central Norway (Svalbard breeding population) between 2016-2018 (12). Of the seropositive birds, 3% (12/427) of the pink-footed geese had been exposed to the subtypes H5 and/or H7 (12). Considering that HPAI viruses found in nature have almost always contained the H5 or H7 hemagglutinin, one may hypothesize that HPAI has circulated among pink-footed geese visiting Norway in previous years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Norway

Madslien

Moldal

Gjerset

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Several outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) caused by influenza A virus of subtype H5N8 have been reported in wild birds and poultry in Europe during autumn 2020.Norway is one of the few countries in Europe that had not previously detected HPAI virus, despite widespread active monitoring of both domestic and wild birds since 2005.Results: We report detection of HPAI virus subtype H5N8 in a wild pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus), and several other geese, ducks and a gull, from south-western Norway in November and December 2020. Despite previous reports of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI), this constitutes the first detections of HPAI in Norway.Conclusions: The mode of introduction is unclear, but a northward migration of infected geese or gulls from Denmark or the Netherlands during the autumn of 2020 is currently our main hypothesis for the introduction of HPAI to Norway. Although HPAI of subtype H5N8 has been reported to have very low zoonotic potential, this is a reminder that HPAI with greater zoonotic potential in wild birds may pose a threat in the future.

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“…Furthermore, Common Eiders and waterfowl in general are carriers of avian Influenza virus (AIV), forming a reservoir for the virus and therefore constituting a risk for virus incursion into poultry farms [ 35 ]. The seroprevalence in incubating Common Eiders from Danish breeding colonies was between 33 and 71%, although only 12% were positive for the subtypes H5 and/or H7 [ 36 ]. During the most recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Europe in 2016, 2020 and 2021/2022, cases of avian influenza (AI) in Common Eiders caused by the H5 strain were reported [ 35 , 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Status of Bycaught Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima) from the Western Baltic Sea

Schick

Wohlsein

Rautenschlein

et al. 2022

Animals

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The Common Eider (Somateria mollissima) inhabits the entire northern hemisphere. In northern Europe, the flyway population reaches from the southern Wadden Sea to the northern Baltic coast. The European population is classified as endangered due to declines in Common Eider numbers across Europe since 1990. In this study, we assessed 121 carcasses of Common Eiders, captured incidentally in gillnets in the Western Baltic between 2017 and 2019. The most common findings were parasitic infections of the intestine by acanthocephalans in 95 animals, which correlated with enteritis in 50% of the cases. Parasites were identified as Profilicollis botulus in 25 selected animals. Additionally, oesophageal pustules, erosions, and ulcerations, presumably of traumatic origin, were frequently observed. Nephritis and hepatitis were frequent, but could not be attributed to specific causes. Lung oedema, fractures and subcutaneous haemorrhages likely resulted from entangling and drowning. Two Common Eiders had mycobacterial infections and in one of these, Mycobacterium avium subspecies (ssp.) avium was identified. This study gives an overview of morphological changes and infectious diseases from one location of the European flyway population. It contributes to future health studies on Common Eiders in the Baltic and Wadden Seas by providing baseline information to compare with other areas or circumstances.

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Seroprevalence of avian influenza in Baltic common eiders (Somateria mollissima) and pink-footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus)

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

First detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Norway

First detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Norway

First Detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Norway

Health Status of Bycaught Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima) from the Western Baltic Sea

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