Seroprevalence of Brucella spp. and Rift Valley fever virus among slaughterhouse workers in Isiolo County, northern Kenya

Nyamota, Richard; Maina, Josphat; Akoko, James; Nthiwa, Daniel; Mwatondo, Athman; Muturi, Mathew; Wambua, Lillian; Middlebrook, Earl A.; Bartlow, Andrew W.; Fair, Jeanne M.; Bett, Bernard

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011677

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Regarding brucellosis, goats had the highest prevalence than cattle. These findings align with previous research conducted in Uganda and Keny (Birungi et al, 2021; Kabami, 2023; Ndumu et al, 2021; Nyakarahuka et al, 2018a, 2023a, 2023b, 2023c; Nyamota et al, 2023; Tumusiime et al, 2023b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Although vaccination against RVF could stimulate the production of specific antibodies producing a positive IgM test result (Matsiela et al, 2023) vaccine status of animals was verified with farmers with none reporting they had purchased or used vaccines for RVF. Brucella assays were done using IBL - America IgG-ELISA Kits (Minneapolis, MN) as described by Nyamota et al (Nyamota et al, 2023).…”

Section: Field Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring community-based reporting of livestock abortions for Rift Valley Fever surveillance in Uganda: A pilot study

Walekhwa,

Conlan,

Atim

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Between March and June 2023, we carried out a pilot study to explore the feasibility of using self-reporting of livestock abortions as a method of syndromic surveillance for Rift Valley fever disease (RVF) in Isingiro District, Uganda. We established a call centre in the office of the District Veterinary Officer which was promoted through stakeholder meetings, media engagement and distribution of sensitization materials. We collected 200 sera and 269 vaginal swabs from cattle, sheep and goats that experienced an abortion within a target 14-day period. The apparent IgG seroprevalence of RVF was 38% [95% CI 29 – 47] in cattle, 33% [95% CI 14 – 61] in sheep and 20% [95% CI 12 – 31] in goats. For IgM, sheep showed the highest prevalence at 8% [95% CI 1 – 35], cattle at 2% [95% CI 1 – 6]. Host species was significantly associated with IgG positive status, with cattle having the highest risk of RVF seropositivity (OR = 3 [95%CI: 1 - 7], p = 0.014). Our results demonstrate the potential for a community led model for collecting abortion alerts through local call centres. If routinely implemented, such syndromic data collection could be used to develop early warning systems and prioritise case investigations. The IgG seroprevalence in our sample is comparable to the levels seen in endemically infected countries, suggesting historical circulation of RVF within the livestock population in this community. Our pilot study demonstrates a proof-of-principle that community-driven reporting of abortions could be used to build a surveillance system for RVF. However, the lack of confirmation of infection through PCR means we cannot draw a firm causal link between the reported abortions and RVF. To build a robust case of abortion surveillance, longitudinal studies are needed to measure seasonal variation in the distribution of abortion cases and incidence of active RVF infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Field Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring community-based reporting of livestock abortions for Rift Valley Fever surveillance in Uganda: A pilot study

Walekhwa,

Conlan,

Atim

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Detection and prevalence of a novel Bandavirus related to Guertu virus in Amblyomma gemma ticks and human populations in Isiolo County, Kenya

Koka,

Langat,

Oyola

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Introduction Emerging tick-borne viruses of medical and veterinary importance are increasingly being reported globally. This resurgence emphasizes the need for sustained surveillance to provide insights into tick-borne viral diversity and associated potential public health risks. We report on a virus tentatively designated Kinna virus (KIV) in the family Phenuiviridae and genus Bandavirus. The virus was isolated from a pool of Amblyomma gemma ticks from Kinna in Isiolo County, Kenya. High throughput sequencing of the virus isolate revealed close relatedness to the Guertu virus. The virus genome is consistent with the described genomes of other members of the genus Bandavirus, with nucleotides lengths of 6403, 3332 and 1752 in the Large (L), Medium (M) and Small (S) segments respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus clustered with Guertu virus although it formed a distinct and well supported branch. The RdRp amino acid sequence had a 93.3% identity to that of Guertu virus, an indication that the virus is possibly novel. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in 125 (38.6%, 95% CI 33.3–44.1%) of the human sera from the communities in this region. In vivo experiments showed that the virus was lethal to mice with death occurring 6–9 days post-infection. The virus infected mammalian cells (Vero cells) but had reduced infectivity in the mosquito cell line (C636) tested. Conclusion Isolation of this novel virus with the potential to cause disease in human and animal populations necessitates the need to evaluate its public health significance and contribution to disease burden in the affected regions. This also points to the need for continuous monitoring of vector and human populations in high-risk ecosystems to update pathogen diversity.

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Seroprevalence and Geographical Distribution of Rift Valley Fever in Livestock in Sudan

Mohammed E. A. Mansour,

Ahmed,

Kamal

et al. 2024

J. Appl. Vet. Sci. Technol

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Background: Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is zoonotic and Transboundary Animal Disease (TAD) that has public health and trade implications for livestock and livestock products. It occurs following heavy rains and is characterized by miscarriages in small ruminants, such as sheep and goats, and illness in humans. The mosquito is the main vector for the disease. It can be transmitted by direct contact with tissues, aerosol, and blood of the infected individual and by ingestion of raw and/or uncooked milk. Purpose: This study aims to estimate the seroprevalence of RVF in Sudan and to determine the geographical distribution of RVF to understand the pattern of its occurrence in Sudan. Methods: This study was conducted in Central Sudan. This study was a retrospective study in which the data were collected mainly from archives and records of the laboratory and were used to estimate the seropositivity. The target population in this study was concentrated on livestock, especially ruminants. Results: In this study, the overall seroprevalence of RVF was estimated to be 16%. The highest seroprevalence was recorded at 66% in cattle in River Nile (95% CI [60.37171, 73.44393]), whereas the lowest seroprevalence was recorded at 0.8% in cattle in Blue Nile (95% CI [0.73293, 0.96704]). Conclusion: This study concluded that herd immunity is a significant factor in understanding the epidemiology of RVF in Sudan. In addition, the retrospective data provided a roadmap for managing and controlling transboundary diseases that have had an impact on human health.

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Seroprevalence of Brucella spp. and Rift Valley fever virus among slaughterhouse workers in Isiolo County, northern Kenya

Cited by 3 publications

References 55 publications

Exploring community-based reporting of livestock abortions for Rift Valley Fever surveillance in Uganda: A pilot study

Exploring community-based reporting of livestock abortions for Rift Valley Fever surveillance in Uganda: A pilot study

Detection and prevalence of a novel Bandavirus related to Guertu virus in Amblyomma gemma ticks and human populations in Isiolo County, Kenya

Seroprevalence and Geographical Distribution of Rift Valley Fever in Livestock in Sudan

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