Seroprevalence of Chagas disease in rural communities at Campinas do Piauí city, Brazil

Abstract

Objectives This manuscript aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Chagas’s disease in the population of rural communities at Campinas do Piauí city, State of Piauí, Brazil. Methods The techniques of the indirect immunofluorescence reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect reagent samples for Chagas disease and estimate its prevalence in the rural population. Blood samples were collected on filter paper through digital and venipuncture. Blood samples with reactive or indeterminate results were re‐evaluated and subjected to the test by ELISA. Results In total, 763 blood samples were analysed from 161 residences of 18 rural communities, collected in residents aged between 2 and 92 years. In the indirect immunofluorescence reaction technique, 44 (5.8%) of the results were positive, being 40 (5.2%) confirmed by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Among the communities surveyed, we observed reactive cases in 15 of them, these cases being distributed, according to the age group, as follows: 1 case from 0 to 10 years; 13 cases from 11 to 60 years old; and 30 cases over 61 years. Conclusion The results indicate that Chagas’s disease remains with active transmission in the Campinas do Piaui city according to the occurrence of a case in a resident under 10 years of age. The region is endemic for Chagas’s disease, as observed by the high prevalence of positive cases.

Seroepidemiology of Chagas disease in at-risk individuals in Caraíbas, a city with high endemicity in Bahia State, Brazil

“…In our study, all positive individuals were older than 50 years, showing the aging of the CD population, which has also been found in other studies ( 19 , 20 , 25 – 27 ). Approximately 14.6% of our samples were from individuals aged 30 years or younger, and all were negative for anti- T. cruzi IgG.…”

“…Despite this significant decrease, the high prevalence (4.42%) of CD in this study can be explained by the higher sensitivity and specificity of the recently used methods ( 23 , 24 ). On the other hand, our results are consistent with the seroprevalence in the Brazilian states of Ceará (Quixeré, 3.7% 13/348 and Limoeiro do Norte, 4.2% 34/812) ( 25 , 26 ), Piauí (Campinas do Piauí; 5.8% 44/763) ( 27 ), and Amazonas (Rio Negro; 5.2% 25/482) ( 28 ).…”

Estimativa de prevalência de doença de Chagas crônica nos municípios brasileiros

“…Brasília possui mulheres grávidas portadoras de DCC e transmissão vertical ( 21 ). Capitais e interior da Região Nordeste ainda apresentam focos remanescentes da doença ( 24 , 26 , 29 , 33 , 35 ). O contexto na região amazônica, com DCA endêmica e DCC subjacente, é extremamente complexo para enfrentar o desafio do risco de transmissão vertical da DC.…”

Predictor Variables in the Spread of Chagas Disease in Rural Areas

“…The residence location is related to the place where the household the individual lives at is built, be it in rural, periurban, or urban zone, community, municipality, or region. The geographic locations of households according to the definition of rural zones [59][60][61][62], periurban and urban [55,57,63], as well as vulnerability of the areas [29,64,65].…”

“…In Latino-American countries, considered endemic for CD, there are still places with high seroprevalence, such as in the province of Cordillera, located in the Bolivian Chaco, where seroprevalence of 22.0% in children with average age of 13 years old has been found [28]. Among many forms of CD spread in these countries, we have: vector transmission, such as in Brazil [29]; congenital transmission, such as in Ecuador [30] and Colombia [31]; oral transmission, as noticed in a Venezuelan school [32]; and by blood transfusion or organ transplant, such as in Argentina [33].…”